Paper · 2025 · Canadian Journal of Plant Science

Field surveys of chickpea plant damage and association with biotic and abiotic factors in Saskatchewan during 2021–2023

Victoria A. Marchesini; Michelle Hubbard; Shaun Sharpe; et al.

14
claims
28
verbatim quotes
4
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

A chickpea health issue was first noted in July 2019 in southwest Saskatchewan, Canada. Surveys of commercial chickpea fields were undertaken in 2021, 2022, and 2023 to investigate the potential roles of herbicides, fungicides, fertilizer, seed treatments, inoculants, nutrients, nematodes, drought stress, and chickpea cultivars on severity of plant damage. Fields to which herbicide containing the active ingredient metribuzin had been applied had more severe symptoms compared to fields to which it had not. Seed treatment with Apron Advance (active ingredients thiabendazole, fludioxinil, and metalaxyl) was associated with more severe symptoms than treatment with Vibrance Maxx (sedaxane, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl). No effects of rhizobial inoculation of chickpea seed was observed. Fields in which lentil or canola preceded chickpea had higher severity of aboveground plant damage compared to fields in which chickpea followed barley or durum. No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues. A significant negative correlation ( P < 0.05) was found between potassium (K) concentration and severity, especially in 2023. There was a significant positive correlation ( P < 0.05) between severity of plant damage and the amount of P fertilizer applied. Plant ectoparasitic nematodes Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detected. Paratylenchus species abundance was very high in some fields. Although no clear diagnosis of the causal agent(s) of plant damage was made, crop rotation, metribuzin herbicide application, seed treatments, plant K concentrations, P fertilization, and co-occurrence of stressors may exacerbate the plant and foliar symptoms observed.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

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Claims 14

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Metribuzin-treated fields had more severe chickpea symptoms.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
metribuzine0
Outcome
symptomse0
Direction
more severee0
Comparator
fields to which it had note0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fields to which herbicide containing the active ingredient metribuzin had been applied had more severe symptoms compared to fields to which it had not.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 359–510 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Apron Advance seed treatment was associated with more severe symptoms than Vibrance Maxx.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
Apron Advancee0
Outcome
symptomse0
Direction
more severee0
Comparator
Vibrance Maxxe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Seed treatment with Apron Advance (active ingredients thiabendazole, fludioxinil, and metalaxyl) was associated with more severe symptoms than treatment with Vibrance Maxx (sedaxane, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 511–722 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rhizobial inoculation showed no observed effect on chickpea damage.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinume0
Treatment
rhizobial inoculatione0
Outcome
effectse0
Direction
No effectse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“No effects of rhizobial inoculation of chickpea seed was observed.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 723–789 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chickpea damage was higher following lentil than barley or durum.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinume0
Treatment
lentile0
Outcome
severity of aboveground plant damagee0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
barley or durume0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fields in which lentil or canola preceded chickpea had higher severity of aboveground plant damage compared to fields in which chickpea followed barley or durum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 790–951 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chickpea damage was higher following canola than barley or durum.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinume0
Treatment
canolae0
Outcome
severity of aboveground plant damagee0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
barley or durume0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fields in which lentil or canola preceded chickpea had higher severity of aboveground plant damage compared to fields in which chickpea followed barley or durum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 790–951 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Chickpea damage severity had no significant correlation with nitrogen (N) concentration.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Compound
nitrogen (N)e0
Outcome
severity of plant damagee0
Direction
No significant correlatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 952–1104 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Chickpea damage severity had no significant correlation with phosphorus (P) concentration.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Compound
phosphorus (P)e0
Outcome
severity of plant damagee0
Direction
No significant correlatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 952–1104 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Chickpea damage severity had no significant correlation with chloride concentration.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Compound
chloridee0
Outcome
severity of plant damagee0
Direction
No significant correlatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 952–1104 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium concentration correlated negatively with chickpea damage severity, especially in 2023.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Compound
potassium (K)e0
Outcome
severitye0
Direction
negative correlatione0
Qualifier
especially in 2023e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A significant negative correlation ( P < 0.05) was found between potassium (K) concentration and severity, especially in 2023.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1231 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher P fertilizer amount correlated with more severe chickpea damage.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment
P fertilizere0
Outcome
severity of plant damagee0
Direction
positive correlatione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“There was a significant positive correlation ( P < 0.05) between severity of plant damage and the amount of P fertilizer applied.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1232–1361 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Paratylenchus nematodes were detected in surveyed chickpea fields.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Interactor
ParatylenchusParatylenchuse0pest
Outcome
Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detectede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Plant ectoparasitic nematodes Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detected.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1362–1448 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Helicotylenchus nematodes were detected in surveyed chickpea fields.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Interactor
HelicotylenchusHelicotylenchuse0pest
Outcome
Helicotylenchus species were detectede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Helicotylenchus
Helicotylenchus · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)KarmTogo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Plant ectoparasitic nematodes Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detected.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1362–1448 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Paratylenchus abundance was very high in some chickpea fields.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Interactor
ParatylenchusParatylenchuse0pest
Outcome
Paratylenchus species abundancee0
Direction
very highe0
Qualifier
some fieldse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Paratylenchus species abundance was very high in some fields.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1449–1510 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The causal agent of chickpea damage was not clearly diagnosed.

Taxon
chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Outcome
no clear diagnosis of the causal agent(s) of plant damagee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum · TaxonSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Although no clear diagnosis of the causal agent(s) of plant damage was made”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1511–1586 · show in text ↑
t0

“chickpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 17–25 · show in text ↑