Abstract
The genus Vandenboschia exhibits significant diversity, driven by complex hybridization events and varying ploidy levels in the natural habitats of Korea, leads to misidentifications that obscure its true distribution and classification. To address this issue, the present study employed morphological, cytological, and genotype analyses to clarify the taxonomical circumscription and distribution patterns of the Vandenboschia radicans complex in Korea. The V. radicans complex in the genus refers to V. radicans and its closely related species and exhibits significant morphological variation, making classification challenging. Previous molecular studies have revealed that it consists of several non-hybrid and hybrid species among them. Through the present study, comprehensive sampling from Jeju and Ulleung Islands identified five distinct taxa from the V. radicans complex: two non-hybrid species (Vandenboschia kalamocarpa and Vandenboschia nipponica), and three hybrids (Vandenboschia × stenosiphon, Vandenboschia × quelpaertensis, and Vandenboschia kalamocarpa × Vandenboschia nipponica × Vandenboschia striata). Notably, hybrids exhibited broader geographic distributions compared to non-hybrid species, which were confined to specific microhabitats. While overlapping morphological traits among the species complicate identification without genetic analysis, rhizome diameter and the width-to-length ratio of the involucre can serve as key morphological traits for distinguishing members of the Vandenboschia radicans complex in Korea. Additionally, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers and cloning techniques were employed for species identification, particularly when morphological traits were inconclusive. These findings highlight the need to integrate genetic tools with traditional taxonomic methods to resolve complex species relationships within Vandenboschia in Korea and emphasize the importance of conservation efforts for geographically restricted and genetically distinct populations.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Sampling identified two non-hybrid species in the V. radicans complex.
- Taxon
- V. radicans complexTrichomanes radicanse0
- Outcome
- two non-hybrid species (Vandenboschia kalamocarpa and Vandenboschia nipponica)e0
- Value
- two non-hybrid speciese0
Verbatim
e0“identified five distinct taxa from the V. radicans complex: two non-hybrid species (Vandenboschia kalamocarpa and Vandenboschia nipponica), and three hybrids (Vandenboschia × stenosiphon, Vandenboschia × quelpaertensis, and Vandenboschia kalamocarpa × Vandenboschia nipponica × Vandenboschia striata)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sampling identified three hybrids in the V. radicans complex.
- Taxon
- Vandenboschia
Vandenboschiat0 - Outcome
- three hybrids (Vandenboschia × stenosiphon, Vandenboschia × quelpaertensis, and Vandenboschia kalamocarpa × Vandenboschia nipponica × Vandenboschia striata)e0
- Value
- three hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three hybrids (Vandenboschia × stenosiphon, Vandenboschia × quelpaertensis, and Vandenboschia kalamocarpa × Vandenboschia nipponica × Vandenboschia striata)”
t0“Vandenboschia”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrids had broader geographic distributions than non-hybrid species.
- Taxon
- VandenboschiaVandenboschiat0
- Material
- hybridse0
- Outcome
- geographic distributionse0
- Direction
- broadere0
- Comparator
- non-hybrid speciese0
- Setting
- specific microhabitatse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vandenboschia”
e0“hybrids exhibited broader geographic distributions compared to non-hybrid species, which were confined to specific microhabitats”
Claim · model-written summary
Overlapping morphological traits complicate species identification without genetic analysis.
- Taxon
- VandenboschiaVandenboschiat0
- Outcome
- overlapping morphological traits among the species complicate identification without genetic analysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vandenboschia”
e0“overlapping morphological traits among the species complicate identification without genetic analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizome diameter and involucre width-to-length ratio can distinguish members of the complex.
- Taxon
- Vandenboschia radicans complexTrichomanes radicanse0
- Outcome
- key morphological traits for distinguishing members of the Vandenboschia radicans complexe0
- Comparator
- rhizome diameter and the width-to-length ratio of the involucree0
- Setting
- Koreae0
Not reportedValue
Verbatim
e0“rhizome diameter and the width-to-length ratio of the involucre can serve as key morphological traits for distinguishing members of the Vandenboschia radicans complex in Korea”
Claim · model-written summary
CAPS markers and cloning techniques enabled species identification when morphology was inconclusive.
- Taxon
- VandenboschiaVandenboschiat0
- Outcome
- species identificatione0
- Qualifier
- particularly when morphological traits were inconclusivee0
- Comparator
- morphological traitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers and cloning techniques were employed for species identification, particularly when morphological traits were inconclusive”
t0“Vandenboschia”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrating genetic tools with traditional taxonomy for Vandenboschia.
- Taxon
- VandenboschiaVandenboschiae0
- Outcome
- integrate genetic tools with traditional taxonomic methodse0
- Setting
- Koreae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrate genetic tools with traditional taxonomic methods to resolve complex species relationships within Vandenboschia in Korea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors emphasize conservation for geographically restricted and genetically distinct populations.
- Taxon
- VandenboschiaVandenboschiat0
- Outcome
- conservation efforts for geographically restricted and genetically distinct populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Vandenboschia”
e0“emphasize the importance of conservation efforts for geographically restricted and genetically distinct populations”