Abstract
Background and Objective: Maize (Zea mays) is a versatile grain with high genetic yield potential, originally domesticated in Central America.It thrives across diverse seasons and ecological zones, making it a globally significant crop.The study investigated the toxicity of seed powders and extracts derived from Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Piper guineense (African black pepper) for their potential to control maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) in stored maize grains under laboratory conditions.Materials and Methods: Powders were applied at doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/20 g of maize, while extracts were evaluated at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mL/20 g of maize.Key parameters assessed included insect mortality, oviposition rates, adult emergence, weight loss, seed damage, and the weevil perforation index (WPI).The laboratory experimental data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of 5%.Results: The results revealed that P. guineense powder was the most effective, causing 81.7% adult mortality at 1.0 g/20 g within 24 hrs.This was followed by C. longa powder, which achieved 70% mortality at the same dose.Remarkably, the extracts were more toxic than the powders, with P. guineense extract achieving 96.7% mortality at 1.0 mL/20 g within 24 hrs.Similarly, C. longa extract induced 80% mortality under comparable conditions.Additionally, powders and extracts from the two botanicals completely inhibited oviposition, adult emergence, weight loss, and seed damage, demonstrating their effectiveness in suppressing the reproductive and developmental processes of the weevils.Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of C. longa and P. guineense as viable alternatives to synthetic pesticides in managing S. zeamais infestations in stored maize grains.Their use as botanical insecticides offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable approach to reducing post-harvest losses and preserving seed quality.This could significantly enhance food security in developing countries, where maize is a staple food crop and post-harvest pest infestations often lead to substantial losses.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
P. guineense powder caused 81.7% adult mortality at 1.0 g/20 g within 24 hours.
- Organ / stage
- maize grainse1
- Treatment
- P. guineense powdere0
- Interactor
- maize weevils
Sitophilus zeamaise1pest - Outcome
- adult mortalitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 81.7%e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Seeds”
e0“P. guineense powder was the most effective, causing 81.7% adult mortality at 1.0 g/20 g within 24 hrs.”
e1“maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) in stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
C. longa powder caused 70% mortality at the same dose.
- Organ / stage
- maize grainse1
- Treatment
- C. longa powdere0
- Interactor
- maize weevilsSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- achievede0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Seeds”
e0“This was followed by C. longa powder, which achieved 70% mortality at the same dose.”
e1“maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) in stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
P. guineense extract caused 96.7% mortality at 1.0 mL/20 g within 24 hours.
- Organ / stage
- maize grainse1
- Treatment
- P. guineense extracte0
- Interactor
- maize weevilsSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- achievinge0
- Value
- 96.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Seeds”
e0“P. guineense extract achieving 96.7% mortality at 1.0 mL/20 g within 24 hrs.”
e1“maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) in stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
C. longa extract caused 80% mortality under comparable conditions.
- Organ / stage
- maize grainse1
- Treatment
- C. longa extracte0
- Interactor
- maize weevilsSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Seeds”
e0“C. longa extract induced 80% mortality under comparable conditions.”
e1“maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) in stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts were more toxic to maize weevils than powders.
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Interactor
- maize weevilsSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- more toxice0
- Comparator
- powderse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Seeds”
e0“the extracts were more toxic than the powders”
e1“maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) in stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Powders and extracts completely inhibited weevil oviposition and adult emergence.
- Organ / stage
- maize grainse1
- Treatment
- powders and extracts from the two botanicalse0
- Interactor
- maize weevilsSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- oviposition, adult emergencee0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Seeds”
e0“powders and extracts from the two botanicals completely inhibited oviposition, adult emergence, weight loss, and seed damage”
e1“maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) in stored maize grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Powders and extracts completely inhibited weight loss and seed damage.
- Organ / stage
- maize grainse1
- Treatment
- powders and extracts from the two botanicalse0
- Interactor
- maize weevilsSitophilus zeamaise1pest
- Outcome
- weight loss, and seed damagee0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Seeds”
e0“powders and extracts from the two botanicals completely inhibited oviposition, adult emergence, weight loss, and seed damage”
e1“maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) in stored maize grains”
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See all 117 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.