Paper · 2025 · New Phytologist

Towards a global understanding of tree mortality

International Tree Mortality Network

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citations
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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Summary Rates of tree mortality are increasing globally, with implications for forests and climate. Yet, how and why these trends vary globally remain unknown. Developing a comprehensive assessment of global tree mortality will require systematically integrating data from ground‐based long‐term forest monitoring with large‐scale remote sensing. We surveyed the metadata from 466 865 forest monitoring plots across 89 countries and five continents using questionnaires and discuss the potential to use these to estimate tree mortality trends globally. Our survey shows that the area monitored has increased steadily since 1960, but we also identify many regions with limited ground‐based information on tree mortality. The integration of existing ground‐based forest inventories with remote sensing and modelling can potentially fill those gaps, but this requires development of technical solutions and agreements that enable seamless flows of information from the field to global assessments of tree mortality. A truly global monitoring effort should promote fair and equitable collaborations, transferring funding to and empowering scientists from less wealthy regions. Increasing interest in forests as a natural climate solution, the advancement of new technologies and world‐wide connectivity means that now a global monitoring system of tree mortality is not just urgently needed but also possible.

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Claims 4

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The area monitored for tree mortality has increased steadily since 1960.

Taxon
treee0
Outcome
area monitorede1
Direction
increasede1
Qualifier
steadily since 1960e1

Verbatim

e0

“Rates of tree mortality are increasing globally”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–55 · show in text ↑
e1

“Our survey shows that the area monitored has increased steadily since 1960”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 553–627 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Many regions have limited ground-based information on tree mortality.

Taxon
treee0
Outcome
information on tree mortalitye2
Qualifier
many regions with limitede2

Verbatim

e0

“Rates of tree mortality are increasing globally”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–55 · show in text ↑
e2

“we also identify many regions with limited ground‐based information on tree mortality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 633–718 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Integrating ground-based forest inventories with remote sensing and modelling can potentially fill the gaps in global tree mortality information.

Taxon
treee0
Outcome
fill those gapse3

Verbatim

e0

“Rates of tree mortality are increasing globally”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–55 · show in text ↑
e3

“The integration of existing ground‐based forest inventories with remote sensing and modelling can potentially fill those gaps”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 720–845 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A global tree mortality monitoring effort should promote fair and equitable collaborations.

Taxon
treee0
Outcome
fair and equitable collaborationse4

Verbatim

e0

“Rates of tree mortality are increasing globally”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 8–55 · show in text ↑
e4

“A truly global monitoring effort should promote fair and equitable collaborations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1013–1094 · show in text ↑