Abstract
New introductions of alien Ipomoea species and their negative impacts have increased in Greece, Türkiye, and Iran. However, little is known about their current status, distribution, impacts, and management. Here, we provide a detailed overview of Ipomoea species in these countries and discuss the current and proposed management options for restoring invaded plant communities. We report on four alien Ipomoea species in Greece (three naturalized and one casual), 10 in Türkiye (eight naturalized and two casual), and 11 in Iran (eight naturalized of which two are invasive and three casual). Their most significant negative impact was detected in agricultural areas, especially in spring crops like soybean, cotton, and maize, with I. hederacea , I. purpurea , and I. triloba being the most troublesome weeds. Native plants are mainly threatened by I. indica , I. leucantha , and I. triloba . The management of Ipomoea species differs according to the habitats invaded; in agricultural areas, the management is more dependent on the host crop and the available registered herbicides, whereas in areas with natural habitats, other management options such as mechanical and biological measures are more appropriate. The information from this work will be useful for the early detection of Ipomoea species in countries neighboring the already invaded ones.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Four alien Ipomoea species occur in Greece, including three naturalized and one casual.
IpomoeaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four alien Ipomoea species in Greece (three naturalized and one casual)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten alien Ipomoea species occur in Türkiye, including eight naturalized and two casual.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 in Türkiye (eight naturalized and two casual)”
t0“Ipomoea”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven alien Ipomoea species occur in Iran, including eight naturalized and three casual.
- Outcome
- 11 in Irane0
- Value
- 11e0
- Qualifier
- eight naturalized of which two are invasive and three casuale0
- Setting
- Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“11 in Iran (eight naturalized of which two are invasive and three casual)”
t0“Ipomoea”
Claim · model-written summary
The most significant negative Ipomoea impacts were in agricultural areas, especially spring crops.
- Outcome
- most significant negative impacte0
- Qualifier
- spring crops like soybean, cotton, and maizee0
- Setting
- agricultural arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their most significant negative impact was detected in agricultural areas, especially in spring crops like soybean, cotton, and maize”
t0“Ipomoea”
Claim · model-written summary
I. hederacea was among the most troublesome weeds in spring crops.
- Taxon
- I. hederacea
Ipomoea hederaceae0 - Outcome
- most troublesome weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with I. hederacea , I. purpurea , and I. triloba being the most troublesome weeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
I. purpurea was among the most troublesome weeds in spring crops.
- Taxon
- I. purpurea
Ipomoea purpureae0 - Outcome
- most troublesome weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with I. hederacea , I. purpurea , and I. triloba being the most troublesome weeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
I. triloba was among the most troublesome weeds in spring crops.
- Taxon
- I. triloba
Ipomoea trilobae0 - Outcome
- most troublesome weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with I. hederacea , I. purpurea , and I. triloba being the most troublesome weeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Native plants are mainly threatened by I. indica.
- Taxon
- Native plantse0
- Interactor
- I. indica
Ipomoea indicae0weed - Outcome
- mainly threatenede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Native plants are mainly threatened by I. indica , I. leucantha , and I. triloba .”
Claim · model-written summary
Native plants are mainly threatened by I. leucantha.
- Taxon
- Native plantse0
- Interactor
- I. leucantha
Ipomoea ×leucanthae0weed - Outcome
- mainly threatenede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Native plants are mainly threatened by I. indica , I. leucantha , and I. triloba .”
Claim · model-written summary
Native plants are mainly threatened by I. triloba.
- Taxon
- Native plantse0
- Interactor
- I. trilobaIpomoea trilobae0weed
- Outcome
- mainly threatenede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Native plants are mainly threatened by I. indica , I. leucantha , and I. triloba .”
Claim · model-written summary
Ipomoea management in agricultural areas depends on crop and available registered herbicides.
- Outcome
- management is more dependent on the host crop and the available registered herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in agricultural areas, the management is more dependent on the host crop and the available registered herbicides”
t0“Ipomoea”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical and biological measures are more appropriate for Ipomoea in natural habitats.
- Outcome
- mechanical and biological measures are more appropriatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in areas with natural habitats, other management options such as mechanical and biological measures are more appropriate.”
t0“Ipomoea”