Abstract
Background.We suppose a comprehensive description of macrophyte communi ties using both the traditional allocation of dominant and subdominant species and an integral assessment of species diversity using the natural logarithmic Shannon index, the Pielou even ness index, and the Simpson diversity index. Materials and methods.Three major water bod ies of Arzamas were studied: the Tesha River, the Shamka stream, and the Smirnovsky Pond, which are subject to complex anthropogenic impact. The coastal-aquatic grass cover has a large zonal differentiation, therefore, the communities of shoreline, as well as submerged aquatic and floating vegetation are described separately. In the shoreline three sample plots were studied in each biotope of 3 × 4 m2 (total – 36 m2), in the water, descriptions were carried out in the surface water layer up to 2.5 m deep on three sample plots of 3 × 4 m2 (total – 36 m2). Dominant and subdominant species were identified according to the 5-point quadratic-trans formed abundance scale of E. L. Lyubarsky. The anthropogenic load is assessed using a set of herbaceous macrophyte indicative parameters: total projective cover, relative abundance and composition of mass species, and the proportion of ruderal and adventitious species in the floristic and cenotic spectra. Results.The peculiarity of the studied water bodies is their drainage by highly mineralized groundwater, increased hardness, and high sulfate content in the water.The species structure of aquatic vegetation is generally more spatially evened than that of the shoreline herbaceous vegetation. A very high proportion of ruderal species in the floristic and community spectra of the vegetation of the Smirnov Pond, the Shamka stream and the Tesha River (sections No. 3 and No. 4) indicate an intense anthropogenic load caused by both economic transformation and littering of the banks, as well as recreational impact. A critical state of extremely disturbed and replaced by ruderal species of shoreline macro phyte communities has developed in section No. 3 of the Tesha River and No. 6 of the Shamka stream. Conclusions. In the conditions of pollution of water bodies of Arzamas the dominance or mass development of species: Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., Alisma plan tago-aquatica L., Juncus compressus Jacq, Núphar lútea L indicates intensive anthropogenic eutrophication and municipal pollution. Under intensive anthropogenic load, weed vegetation prevails in the coastal strip: Chenopodium album L., Arctium tomentosum L., Urtica dioica L., Potentilla anserina L., weed-meadow species are abundant.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Aquatic vegetation had a more even spatial species structure than shoreline vegetation.
Verbatim
e0“The species structure of aquatic vegetation is generally more spatially evened than that of the shoreline herbaceous vegetation.”
Claim · model-written summary
High ruderal species proportions indicated intense anthropogenic load at the named waters.
Verbatim
e0“A very high proportion of ruderal species in the floristic and community spectra of the vegetation of the Smirnov Pond, the Shamka stream and the Tesha River (sections No. 3 and No. 4) indicate an intense anthropogenic load”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoreline macrophyte communities were critically disturbed and replaced by ruderal species at two sections.
Verbatim
e0“A critical state of extremely disturbed and replaced by ruderal species of shoreline macro phyte communities has developed in section No. 3 of the Tesha River and No. 6 of the Shamka stream.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominance of four aquatic species indicated eutrophication and municipal pollution.
- Taxon
- Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb.
Glyceria maximae0 - Outcome
- dominance or mass developmente0
- Qualifier
- intensive anthropogenic eutrophication and municipal pollutione0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dominance or mass development of species: Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb., Alisma plan tago-aquatica L., Juncus compressus Jacq, Núphar lútea L indicates intensive anthropogenic eutrophication and municipal pollution.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed vegetation prevailed in the coastal strip under intense human pressure.
Verbatim
e0“Under intensive anthropogenic load, weed vegetation prevails in the coastal strip: Chenopodium album L., Arctium tomentosum L., Urtica dioica L., Potentilla anserina L., weed-meadow species are abundant.”