Abstract
Abstract Many invasive plant species have demonstrated a better ability to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals than their co‐occurring native plants. Given the potential biological toxicity of heavy metals to phytopathogens, we postulated that heavy metal contamination could enhance the pathogen resistance of metal‐accumulating invasive plant species over their local congeneric competitors. Here, we compared the resistance of the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis to infection by a leaf pathogenic fungus under soil cadmium (Cd) contamination. The findings revealed that A. philoxeroides exhibited superior growth and accumulated superior amounts of Cd in its leaves compared with A. sessilis . Cd exposure decreased leaf lesions in both plant species following artificial infection by the leaf pathogen, with A. philoxeroides experiencing fewer leaf lesions than A. sessilis . Subsequent analysis of the phyllosphere microbiome and toxicity tests suggested that the increased pathogen resistance of A. philoxeroides following Cd exposure could be attributed to both the direct toxic effects of Cd and the Cd‐induced alterations in the microbial composition of the epiphytic phyllosphere. We further isolated a bacterial strain with a strong antagonistic effect against the leaf pathogen, potentially elucidating the enhanced pathogen resistance of A. philoxeroides under soil Cd pollution. Collectively, these findings indicate that heavy metal contamination may promote plant invasion by altering interactions between plants and pathogens. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A. philoxeroides had superior growth compared with A. sessilis.
- Taxon
- A. philoxeroides
Alternanthera philoxeroidese1 - Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- superiore1
- Comparator
- A. sessilise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis”
e1“A. philoxeroides exhibited superior growth and accumulated superior amounts of Cd in its leaves compared with A. sessilis”
Claim · model-written summary
A. philoxeroides accumulated superior amounts of Cd in its leaves compared with A. sessilis.
- Taxon
- A. philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- amounts of Cd in its leavese1
- Direction
- superiore1
- Comparator
- A. sessilise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis”
e1“A. philoxeroides exhibited superior growth and accumulated superior amounts of Cd in its leaves compared with A. sessilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd exposure decreased leaf lesions in A. philoxeroides after artificial infection by the leaf pathogen.
- Taxon
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree2
- Interactor
- leaf pathogene2pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf lesionse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis”
e2“Cd exposure decreased leaf lesions in both plant species following artificial infection by the leaf pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd exposure decreased leaf lesions in A. sessilis after artificial infection by the leaf pathogen.
- Taxon
- Alternanthera sessilis
Alternanthera sessilise0 - Treatment
- Cd exposuree2
- Interactor
- leaf pathogene2pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf lesionse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis”
e2“Cd exposure decreased leaf lesions in both plant species following artificial infection by the leaf pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
A. philoxeroides had fewer leaf lesions than A. sessilis after infection by the leaf pathogen.
- Taxon
- A. philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese5
- Outcome
- leaf lesionse5
- Direction
- fewere5
- Comparator
- A. sessilise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“with A. philoxeroides experiencing fewer leaf lesions than A. sessilis”
Claim · model-written summary
The increased pathogen resistance of A. philoxeroides after Cd exposure could be attributed to direct toxic effects of Cd and to altered phyllosphere microbial composition.
- Taxon
- A. philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese3
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree3
- Outcome
- pathogen resistancee3
- Qualifier
- direct toxic effects of Cde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the increased pathogen resistance of A. philoxeroides following Cd exposure could be attributed to both the direct toxic effects of Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
A bacterial strain isolated from the phyllosphere had a strong antagonistic effect against the leaf pathogen.
- Taxon
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0
- Interactor
- leaf pathogene4pathogen
- Second interactor
- bacterial straine4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antagonistic effect against the leaf pathogene4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener Alternanthera sessilis”
e4“We further isolated a bacterial strain with a strong antagonistic effect against the leaf pathogen”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · disease · Alternanthera philoxeroidesResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
heavy metal · disease · Alternanthera philoxeroidesResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.