Abstract
Abstract Rice yellow mottle disease (RYMD) continues to constrain rice production in Africa. Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), which belongs to the Sobemovirus genus, is the causal agent of RYMD. In Kenya, previous studies on RYMV mostly focused on western Kenya, ignoring the central and coastal regions, which are also important areas for rice cultivation in the country. This has resulted in incomplete data on RYMD outbreaks. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RYMD in the farmers' fields, and the genetic diversity of the RYMV based on the coat protein gene. Field surveys were carried out in Kenya's rice-growing regions between May and July 2023 to determine disease incidences using the IRRI Standard Evaluation Scale (SES) for rice. Symptom observations and serological tests confirmed the presence of RYMV in all surveyed rice cultivation areas. The presence of RYMV was detected in Kirinyaga, Tana River, and Taita Taveta counties of Kenya, representing the field report of its occurrence in these regions. Disease incidence and severity analysis using one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in RYMD incidence among the rice irrigation schemes (F (6,29) = 1.838, P = 0.1265). Sequencing results of the coat protein gene (ORF4 region) revealed that the RYMV isolates in this study could be classified as S4ke, S4ug, and S4mg strains in the East Africa lineage. The discovery of the RYMV strain S4mg in Kenya runs counter to the gradual strain of breaking up and moving away that has been established in Africa over the past two centuries. Results showed that RYMV is present in all the rice-growing regions under study and exhibits intra-strain diversity in Kenya. Incorporating resistance genes into extensively grown rice cultivars is crucial for preventing the spread of the rice yellow mottle virus.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
RYMV was confirmed in all surveyed rice cultivation areas.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- RYMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of RYMVe0
- Setting
- all surveyed rice cultivation arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptom observations and serological tests confirmed the presence of RYMV in all surveyed rice cultivation areas.”
Claim · model-written summary
RYMV occurred in Kirinyaga, Tana River, and Taita Taveta counties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- RYMVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of RYMVe1
- Setting
- Kirinyaga, Tana River, and Taita Taveta counties of Kenyae1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e1“The presence of RYMV was detected in Kirinyaga, Tana River, and Taita Taveta counties of Kenya, representing the field report of its occurrence in these regions.”
Claim · model-written summary
RYMD incidence did not differ significantly among rice irrigation schemes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- RYMDe2pathogen
- Outcome
- RYMD incidencee2
- Direction
- no significant differencee2
- Setting
- rice irrigation schemese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e2“Disease incidence and severity analysis using one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in RYMD incidence among the rice irrigation schemes (F (6,29) = 1.838, P = 0.1265).”
Claim · model-written summary
RYMV isolates were classified into S4ke, S4ug, and S4mg East African strains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- RYMVe3pathogen
- Gene
- coat protein genee3
- Outcome
- S4ke, S4ug, and S4mg strains in the East Africa lineagee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e3“Sequencing results of the coat protein gene (ORF4 region) revealed that the RYMV isolates in this study could be classified as S4ke, S4ug, and S4mg strains in the East Africa lineage.”
Claim · model-written summary
RYMV strain S4mg was discovered in Kenya.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- RYMVe4pathogen
- Outcome
- RYMV strain S4mge4
- Setting
- Kenyae4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e4“The discovery of the RYMV strain S4mg in Kenya runs counter to the gradual strain of breaking up and moving away that has been established in Africa over the past two centuries.”
Claim · model-written summary
RYMV showed intra-strain diversity in Kenya.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- RYMVe5pathogen
- Outcome
- intra-strain diversitye5
- Setting
- Kenyae5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e5“Results showed that RYMV is present in all the rice-growing regions under study and exhibits intra-strain diversity in Kenya.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend incorporating resistance genes into widely grown rice cultivars to prevent RYMV spread.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Interactor
- rice yellow mottle virusRice yellow mottle viruse6pathogen
- Outcome
- Incorporating resistance genes into extensively grown rice cultivarse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Incorporating resistance genes into extensively grown rice cultivars is crucial for preventing the spread of the rice yellow mottle virus.”