Abstract
Aim of study: To investigate the relationship between selected alternative host plant species and theabundance of arthropods throughout the growth of rice plants. Area of study: Southwest of Malaysia (Melaka). Material and methods: Sampling of arthropods was conducted in four rice field plots, each containingfive sampling plots based on the selected alternative hosts: Chloris barbata Sw. and Oryza sativa L.(monocots); and Ageratum conyzoides L., Spermacoce verticillata L., and Euphorbia heterophylla L.(eudicots). Yellow sticky traps, yellow pan traps, and sweep nets were set up and used, and sampling wasconducted during the vegetative, reproductive, and mature stages of rice growth. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) and regression analysis were performed to determine the diversity and relationship betweenalternative host plants with arthropods. Main results: A total of 2,227 arthropod individuals from 11 orders and suborders, 32 families, and40 species were recorded. The results showed a strong correlation between alternative host plants and pests(R2 = 0.965), predators (R2 = 0.758), and other insects (R2 = 0.987), while a weaker correlation (R2 = 0.369)was observed with parasitoids. A significant pest decline was observed in A. conyzoides (β = -0.725,P = 0.040) and S. verticillata (β = -1.505, P = 0.034), while there was a substantial population increase inC. barbata (β = 1.854, P = 0.026). Other insects showed a significant population increase in O. sativa(β = 0.752, P = 0.030). However, predatory insects and parasitoids did not show significant populationtrends during the sampling period in any of the alternative hosts. Research highlights: The planting of alternative hosts in rice cultivation areas can attract natural enemiesof insects and improve Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices in rice fields.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative host plants show a strong correlation with pest abundance (R2 = 0.965).
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“a strong correlation between alternative host plants and pests(R2 = 0.965), predators (R2 = 0.758), and other insects (R2 = 0.987), while a weaker correlation (R2 = 0.369)was observed with parasitoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative host plants show a strong correlation with predator abundance (R2 = 0.758).
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“a strong correlation between alternative host plants and pests(R2 = 0.965), predators (R2 = 0.758), and other insects (R2 = 0.987), while a weaker correlation (R2 = 0.369)was observed with parasitoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative host plants show a strong correlation with other insect abundance (R2 = 0.987).
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“a strong correlation between alternative host plants and pests(R2 = 0.965), predators (R2 = 0.758), and other insects (R2 = 0.987), while a weaker correlation (R2 = 0.369)was observed with parasitoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative host plants show a weaker correlation with parasitoid abundance (R2 = 0.369).
- Taxon
- alternative host plantse1
- Interactor
- parasitoidse1other
- Outcome
- correlatione1
- Value
- R2 = 0.369e1
- Qualifier
- weaker correlatione1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e1“a strong correlation between alternative host plants and pests(R2 = 0.965), predators (R2 = 0.758), and other insects (R2 = 0.987), while a weaker correlation (R2 = 0.369)was observed with parasitoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Pest abundance declined significantly in A. conyzoides.
- Taxon
- A. conyzoides
Ageratum conyzoidese2 - Interactor
- peste2pest
- Outcome
- peste2
- Direction
- declinee2
- Value
- β = -0.725,P = 0.040e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A significant pest decline was observed in A. conyzoides (β = -0.725,P = 0.040) and S. verticillata (β = -1.505, P = 0.034)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pest abundance declined significantly in S. verticillata.
- Taxon
- S. verticillata
Scleromitrion verticillatume2 - Interactor
- peste2pest
- Outcome
- peste2
- Direction
- declinee2
- Value
- β = -1.505, P = 0.034e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“A significant pest decline was observed in A. conyzoides (β = -0.725,P = 0.040) and S. verticillata (β = -1.505, P = 0.034)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arthropod population increased substantially in C. barbata.
- Taxon
- C. barbata
Chloris barbatae3 - Interactor
- arthropodsArthropodae4other
- Outcome
- populatione3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- β = 1.854, P = 0.026e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“a substantial population increase inC. barbata (β = 1.854, P = 0.026)”
e4“selected alternative host plant species and theabundance of arthropods”
Claim · model-written summary
Other insect population increased significantly in O. sativa.
- Taxon
- O. sativa
Oryza sativae5 - Interactor
- other insectse5other
- Outcome
- populatione5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Value
- β = 0.752, P = 0.030e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Other insects showed a significant population increase in O. sativa(β = 0.752, P = 0.030)”
Claim · model-written summary
Predatory insects and parasitoids showed no significant population trends in any of the alternative hosts.
Verbatim
e6“predatory insects and parasitoids did not show significant populationtrends during the sampling period in any of the alternative hosts”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting alternative hosts in rice areas can attract natural enemies and improve IPM practices.
Verbatim
e7“The planting of alternative hosts in rice cultivation areas can attract natural enemiesof insects and improve Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices in rice fields”