Abstract
Abstract Amaranthus palmeri is an invasive weed that was newly introduced to the agricultural fields of Turkey. However, no information exists in the literature about Amaranthus spp.'s competition with cotton in our country. This study assessed its competitive ability with cotton ( Gossypium hirsitum ) in the Aegean Region in 2020–2021. In pot experiments, the effect of A. palmeri competition was investigated at two stages: early (sowing weed seed with cotton seeds) and later (~at 4–6 leaf stages of cotton). Three different A. palmeri densities (1, 2 and 4 per pot) were used in pot experiments. Field experiments were also conducted to assess early A. palmeri interference in cotton with the same weed densities per one‐meter row. Pot experiments showed that early competition caused a higher decrease in cotton height and dry weights compared to late competition. On the contrary, A. palmeri 's dry biomass was reduced more when seeded in the late stage of cotton with the contribution of intraspecific competition. Regarding the field experiments, height, node number, boll number and yield of cotton significantly decreased with increasing A. palmeri densities. Even one A. palmeri per meter cotton row resulted in significant yield reductions. The yield decreased by 39%–51%, 51%–63% and 79%–75% with the densities of 1, 2 and 4 A. palmeri per one‐meter row in 2020 and 2021 respectively. These results showed that A. palmeri is a troublesome weed, causing considerable reductions in cotton growth and yield. Therefore, management strategies for this weed should be implemented.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Early A. palmeri competition caused a higher decrease in cotton height and dry weights than late competition.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume5 - Treatment
- early competitione0
- Interactor
- A. palmeri
Amaranthus palmerie1weed - Outcome
- height and dry weightse0
- Direction
- higher decreasee0
- Comparator
- late competitione0
- Setting
- Pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pot experiments showed that early competition caused a higher decrease in cotton height and dry weights compared to late competition”
e1“In pot experiments, the effect of A. palmeri competition was investigated at two stages: early (sowing weed seed with cotton seeds) and later (~at 4–6 leaf stages of cotton)”
e5“This study assessed its competitive ability with cotton ( Gossypium hirsitum ) in the Aegean Region in 2020–2021”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-seeded A. palmeri had its dry biomass reduced more, with intraspecific competition contributing.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Treatment
- seeded in the late stage of cottone2
- Interactor
- A. palmeriAmaranthus palmerie2weed
- Outcome
- dry biomasse2
- Direction
- reduced moree2
- Qualifier
- with the contribution of intraspecific competitione2
- Comparator
- early competitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“On the contrary, A. palmeri 's dry biomass was reduced more when seeded in the late stage of cotton with the contribution of intraspecific competition”
e0“Pot experiments showed that early competition caused a higher decrease in cotton height and dry weights compared to late competition”
e5“This study assessed its competitive ability with cotton ( Gossypium hirsitum ) in the Aegean Region in 2020–2021”
Claim · model-written summary
In field experiments, cotton height, node number and boll number significantly decreased with increasing A. palmeri densities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume3
- Treatment
- increasing A. palmeri densitiese3
- Interactor
- A. palmeriAmaranthus palmerie3weed
- Outcome
- height, node number, boll numbere3
- Direction
- significantly decreasede3
- Setting
- field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Regarding the field experiments, height, node number, boll number and yield of cotton significantly decreased with increasing A. palmeri densities”
e5“This study assessed its competitive ability with cotton ( Gossypium hirsitum ) in the Aegean Region in 2020–2021”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield decreased by 39%-51% with 1 A. palmeri per one-meter row in 2020 and 2021.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Treatment
- densities of 1, 2 and 4 A. palmeri per one‐meter rowe4
- Interactor
- A. palmeriAmaranthus palmerie4weed
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 39%–51%e4
- Qualifier
- in 2020 and 2021 respectivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The yield decreased by 39%–51%, 51%–63% and 79%–75% with the densities of 1, 2 and 4 A. palmeri per one‐meter row in 2020 and 2021 respectively”
e5“This study assessed its competitive ability with cotton ( Gossypium hirsitum ) in the Aegean Region in 2020–2021”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield decreased by 51%-63% with 2 A. palmeri per one-meter row in 2020 and 2021.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Treatment
- densities of 1, 2 and 4 A. palmeri per one‐meter rowe4
- Interactor
- A. palmeriAmaranthus palmerie4weed
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 51%–63%e4
- Qualifier
- in 2020 and 2021 respectivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The yield decreased by 39%–51%, 51%–63% and 79%–75% with the densities of 1, 2 and 4 A. palmeri per one‐meter row in 2020 and 2021 respectively”
e5“This study assessed its competitive ability with cotton ( Gossypium hirsitum ) in the Aegean Region in 2020–2021”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield decreased by 79%-75% with 4 A. palmeri per one-meter row in 2020 and 2021.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Treatment
- densities of 1, 2 and 4 A. palmeri per one‐meter rowe4
- Interactor
- A. palmeriAmaranthus palmerie4weed
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 79%–75%e4
- Qualifier
- in 2020 and 2021 respectivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The yield decreased by 39%–51%, 51%–63% and 79%–75% with the densities of 1, 2 and 4 A. palmeri per one‐meter row in 2020 and 2021 respectively”
e5“This study assessed its competitive ability with cotton ( Gossypium hirsitum ) in the Aegean Region in 2020–2021”
Claim · model-written summary
Even one A. palmeri per meter of cotton row significantly reduced yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- one A. palmeri per meter cotton rowe6
- Interactor
- A. palmeriAmaranthus palmerie6weed
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- reductionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Even one A. palmeri per meter cotton row resulted in significant yield reductions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend implementing management strategies for this weed in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Outcome
- management strategiese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Therefore, management strategies for this weed should be implemented”
e5“This study assessed its competitive ability with cotton ( Gossypium hirsitum ) in the Aegean Region in 2020–2021”