Abstract
Abstract Field trials were conducted on the premises of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences (Station A) for planting maize (Baghdad 3 cultivar) during the fall season of 2023. The objectives was to study the impact of irrigation intervals on weed growth and its impact on crop competition, as well as to identify the best concentration of the herbicides Rimsulfuron and Nicosulfuron used for weed control when optimizing water use. Three irrigation intervals were used: 5, 7, and 9 days between irrigations. The experiment was performed according Randomized complete block design and arranged as split plot with three replications. Irrigation treatments allocate to the main plot, while weed control treatments were placed in the subplots. Based on the results, the herbicide Rimsulfuron was the most effective control for Corchorus olitorius (Jewish root) and Cyperus rotundus (Walnutgrass), and produced the lowest weed production 1.67 plant m 2 and 0.11 plant m 2 , respectively and 82.97% and 94 43 %, the maximum percentage utilization. However, the herbicide nicosulfuron proved more effective in suppressing Cuscuta campestris (dodder) and Melilotus indicus (sweet clover), yielding the lowest weed density of 29.55 m 2 of plants and 1.67 m 2 of plant came and 82.97% and 94.43%, the highest control percentages. However, the herbicide Nicosulfuron proved to be the most effective in suppressing Cuscuta campestris (dodder) and Melilotus indicus (sweet clover), resulting in the lowest weed density of 29.55 plant m 2 and 1.67 plant m 2 , respectively. The 50% Rimosulfuron gave the highest control percentage of 43.19% and 85.30%, respectively. These outcomes did not differ appreciably from the control. obtained with nicosulfuron, which obtained 41.70% and 80.07%, respectively. The treatment with the recommended dose of nicosulfuron also with the lowest dry weight of 156.77 g and the lowest index of the weed of 3.30%, and the highest grain yield of 5.02 ton per hectare. The results also showed that the nine-day interval between irrigations led to the lowest weed density for Cuscuta campestris (dodder) and Corchorus olitorius (Jew’s mallow), and the lowest dry weight of weeds. Meanwhile, the seven-day interval resulted in the lowest weed density for Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass), and the five-day interval resulted in the lowest weed density for Melilotus indicus (sweet clover), along with the lowest weed index and highest grain yield.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rimsulfuron gave the lowest Corchorus olitorius density, 1.67 plant m 2.
- Treatment
- Rimsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitoriuse0weed - Outcome
- Corchorus olitoriuse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.67 plant m 2e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the herbicide Rimsulfuron was the most effective control for Corchorus olitorius (Jewish root) and Cyperus rotundus (Walnutgrass), and produced the lowest weed production 1.67 plant m 2 and 0.11 plant m 2 , respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Rimsulfuron gave the lowest Cyperus rotundus density, 0.11 plant m 2.
- Interactor
- Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotunduse0e1weed
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cyperus rotundus (Walnutgrass), and produced the lowest weed production 1.67 plant m 2 and 0.11 plant m 2 , respectively”
t0“Maize”
e1“the herbicide Rimsulfuron was the most effective control for Corchorus olitorius (Jewish root) and Cyperus rotundus (Walnutgrass), and produced the lowest weed production 1.67 plant m 2 and 0.11 plant m 2 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron gave the lowest Cuscuta campestris density, 29.55 plant m 2.
- Treatment
- Nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- Cuscuta campestris
Cuscuta campestrise0weed - Outcome
- Cuscuta campestrise0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 29.55 plant m 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the herbicide Nicosulfuron proved to be the most effective in suppressing Cuscuta campestris (dodder) and Melilotus indicus (sweet clover), resulting in the lowest weed density of 29.55 plant m 2 and 1.67 plant m 2 , respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron gave the lowest Melilotus indicus density, 1.67 plant m 2.
- Treatment
- Nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- Melilotus indicus
Melilotus indicuse0weed - Outcome
- Melilotus indicuse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.67 plant m 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicosulfuron proved to be the most effective in suppressing Cuscuta campestris (dodder) and Melilotus indicus (sweet clover), resulting in the lowest weed density of 29.55 plant m 2 and 1.67 plant m 2 , respectively”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended nicosulfuron dose gave the lowest weed dry weight, 156.77 g.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with the recommended dose of nicosulfuron also with the lowest dry weight of 156.77 g”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended nicosulfuron dose gave the lowest weed index, 3.30%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest index of the weed of 3.30%”
t0“Maize”
e1“The treatment with the recommended dose of nicosulfuron also with the lowest dry weight of 156.77 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended nicosulfuron dose gave the highest grain yield, 5.02 ton per hectare.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest grain yield of 5.02 ton per hectare”
t0“Maize”
e1“The treatment with the recommended dose of nicosulfuron also with the lowest dry weight of 156.77 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine-day irrigation gave the lowest Cuscuta campestris and Corchorus olitorius density and weed dry weight.
- Treatment
- nine-day interval between irrigationse0
- Interactor
- Cuscuta campestrisCuscuta campestrise0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nine-day interval between irrigations led to the lowest weed density for Cuscuta campestris (dodder) and Corchorus olitorius (Jew’s mallow), and the lowest dry weight of weeds”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven-day irrigation gave the lowest Cyperus rotundus density.
- Treatment
- seven-day intervale0
- Interactor
- Cyperus rotundusCyperus rotunduse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the seven-day interval resulted in the lowest weed density for Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass)”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Five-day irrigation gave the lowest Melilotus indicus density, weed index and highest grain yield.
- Treatment
- five-day intervale0
- Interactor
- Melilotus indicusMelilotus indicuse0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the five-day interval resulted in the lowest weed density for Melilotus indicus (sweet clover), along with the lowest weed index and highest grain yield”
t0“Maize”
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