Abstract
In December 2021, symptoms of foliage wilting and vascular necrosis were observed in potato crops in the municipality of Ahome, Sinaloa (Mexico), with an incidence of 5 to 10 %. Samples with symptoms were collected and taken to the laboratory for analysis. Excised pieces of the stem and root were disinfected in 2% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol, washed with sterile distilled water, placed in sterile cotton pads to remove moisture, and then plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 5 days, typical colonies of Fusarium spp. (Leslie and Summerell 2006) were observed. From the isolated samples, 3 monosporic cultures were obtained by serial dilutions and selection of a single spore. On PDA, the colony developed white cottony mycelium that gradually turned cream-colored. Morphological characteristics were observed in 15-day-old cultures on carnation leaf agar (CLA). Microconidia (n=40) were pyriform, elliptical with a regular septum, also observed without septa, measuring 27.7-43.3 x 5.2-9.1 µm. Macroconidia (n=50) were thin, almost straight and narrow, with 3 (predominantly) to 5 septa, measuring 46.7-115.2 x 4.9-11.3 µm. Terminal spherical chlamydospores were observed. Molecular identification was performed by partial sequences of EF1-α gene (EF1 and EF2 primers) (O'Donnell et al. 2010) and rDNA-ITS (ITS1 and ITS4 primers) (White et al. 1990). The FBPA2CULSIN isolate selected for this purpose was registered in GenBank with the accession number OK641591 for EF1-α gene and the accession number PV139254 for rDNA-ITS. The sequences were used to perform maximum likelihood analysis with EF1-α and rDNA-ITS from species of the Fusarium genus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate was grouped with the sequences of Fusarium brachyggibosum (bootstrap 100%). The percentage similarity of the sequence of the isolate FBPA2CULSIN was 100% with the Fusarium brachygibbosum sequences registered in GenBank (OM938022 and MT292640). Pathogenicity tests were carried out with the FBPA2CULSIN isolate on 12 healthy 1-month-old potato plants (cv. Fiana), contained in 0.5-liter containers with sterile substrate. A small wound was made in the stem of the plant with a sterile scalpel and a cotton ball moistened with 20 ml of the conidial suspension ((1x106 CFU/ml)) was placed on the wounded tissue (Freeman et al., 1999). Plants were maintained for 60 days under greenhouse conditions with a 12-h photoperiod at 22 to 26°C and 70% relative humidity. Wilting symptoms were observed 15 days after inoculation and vascular necrosis appeared 25 days after inoculation. Twelve plants used as a negative control were inoculated with sterile distilled water; no symptoms were observed within 3 months after inoculation. The test was performed twice. The pathogen was re-isolated from symptomatic plants and identified as Fusarium brachygibbosum based on morphological characteristics and sequencing of the EF-1α gene, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. In China, this species has been reported as the cause of tobacco root rot (Qui et al., 2021). Fusarium equiseti has been identified as the causal agent of vascular bundle wilt and necrosis in potato crops in China (Lingxiao et al., 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of potato vascular wilt and necrosis caused by F. brachygibbosum in Mexico.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage wilting and vascular necrosis symptoms occurred in potato crops in Ahome, Sinaloa, Mexico, with an incidence of 5 to 10 %.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Outcome
- incidencee0
- Value
- 5 to 10 %e0
- Setting
- Ahome, Sinaloa (Mexico)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“symptoms of foliage wilting and vascular necrosis were observed in potato crops in the municipality of Ahome, Sinaloa (Mexico), with an incidence of 5 to 10 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Microconidia of the Fusarium isolate measured 27.7-43.3 x 5.2-9.1 µm.
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“typical colonies of Fusarium spp.”
e1“Microconidia (n=40) were pyriform, elliptical with a regular septum, also observed without septa, measuring 27.7-43.3 x 5.2-9.1 µm”
Claim · model-written summary
Macroconidia of the Fusarium isolate measured 46.7-115.2 x 4.9-11.3 µm with 3 (predominantly) to 5 septa.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“typical colonies of Fusarium spp.”
e1“Macroconidia (n=50) were thin, almost straight and narrow, with 3 (predominantly) to 5 septa, measuring 46.7-115.2 x 4.9-11.3 µm”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic analysis grouped the isolate with Fusarium brachygibbosum sequences with 100% bootstrap support.
Verbatim
e0“Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate was grouped with the sequences of Fusarium brachyggibosum (bootstrap 100%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The isolate FBPA2CULSIN sequence was 100% similar to Fusarium brachygibbosum sequences in GenBank.
- Taxon
- Fusarium brachygibbosum
Fusarium brachygibbosume0 - Outcome
- percentage similaritye0
- Value
- 100%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage similarity of the sequence of the isolate FBPA2CULSIN was 100% with the Fusarium brachygibbosum sequences registered in GenBank”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated potato plants (cv. Fiana) showed wilting symptoms 15 days after inoculation with the isolate.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- cv. Fianae0
- Interactor
- FBPA2CULSIN isolatee0pathogen
- Outcome
- Wilting symptomse1
- Value
- 15 days after inoculatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity tests were carried out with the FBPA2CULSIN isolate on 12 healthy 1-month-old potato plants (cv. Fiana)”
e1“Wilting symptoms were observed 15 days after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated potato plants (cv. Fiana) developed vascular necrosis 25 days after inoculation with the isolate.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- cv. Fianae0
- Interactor
- FBPA2CULSIN isolatee0pathogen
- Outcome
- vascular necrosise1
- Value
- 25 days after inoculatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity tests were carried out with the FBPA2CULSIN isolate on 12 healthy 1-month-old potato plants (cv. Fiana)”
e1“vascular necrosis appeared 25 days after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Negative control potato plants inoculated with sterile distilled water showed no symptoms within 3 months.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- no symptomse1
- Qualifier
- negative controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogenicity tests were carried out with the FBPA2CULSIN isolate on 12 healthy 1-month-old potato plants (cv. Fiana)”
e1“Twelve plants used as a negative control were inoculated with sterile distilled water; no symptoms were observed within 3 months after inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen was re-isolated from symptomatic plants and identified as Fusarium brachygibbosum, fulfilling Koch's postulates.
- Taxon
- Fusarium brachygibbosumFusarium brachygibbosume0
- Outcome
- re-isolated from symptomatic plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogen was re-isolated from symptomatic plants and identified as Fusarium brachygibbosum”
Claim · model-written summary
This is reported as the first report of potato vascular wilt and necrosis caused by F. brachygibbosum in Mexico.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Interactor
- F. brachygibbosumFusarium brachygibbosume0pathogen
- Outcome
- vascular wilt and necrosise0
- Setting
- Mexicoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the first report of potato vascular wilt and necrosis caused by F. brachygibbosum in Mexico”