Abstract
Weeds are managed by herbicides, but this can reduce the abundance of soil bacteria. This research aimed to determine the effect of active compounds of herbicides on weeds, the abundance of soil bacteria, growth and yield of sweet corn. The experiment was conducted from June to October 2023 in the fields and Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. A randomized block design was used, consisting of eight treatments and four replications. The treatments included control (H0); weeding (H1); paraquat (H2); glyphosate (H3); paraquat, atrazine, mesotrione (H4); glyphosate, atrazine, mesotrione (H5); paraquat, atrazine, mesotrione, nicosulfuron (H6); and glyphosate, atrazine, mesotrione, nicosulfuron (H7). Results showed that glyphosate and paraquat, were applied before planting, could suppress weeds on sweet corn until 15 days after planting (DAP). Application of atrazine, mesotrione, and nicosulfuron at 21 DAP can increase the success of weed control observed up to 35 DAP of sweet corn. The application of glyphosate, atrazine, and mesotrione showed the highest values for growth variables (plant height, number, and leaf greenness index) and yield variables (fresh weight, diameter, and length of sweet corn cob). Herbicide decrease abundance of soil bacteria on sweet corn field, from 10.07x10-8 CFU/mL to 9.55x10-8 CFU/mL (total bacteria), 9.53x10-8 CFU/mL to 9.52x10-8 CFU/mL (phosphate solubilizing bacteria), 9.90x10-8 CFU/mL to 9.40x10-8 CFU/mL (Rhizobium) and 9.91x10-8 CFU/mL became 9.78x10-8 CFU/mL (nitrogen fixing bacteria). The total density of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the application of glyphosate, atrazine, and mesotrione (7.78 CFU/g and 9.52 CFU/g) was greater than control (8.77 CFU/g and 8.15 CFU/g).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate suppressed weeds until 15 DAP.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weedse0
- Direction
- suppresse0
- Qualifier
- until 15 days after planting (DAP)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate and paraquat, were applied before planting, could suppress weeds on sweet corn until 15 days after planting (DAP).”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat suppressed weeds until 15 DAP.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- paraquate0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weedse0
- Direction
- suppresse0
- Qualifier
- until 15 days after planting (DAP)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate and paraquat, were applied before planting, could suppress weeds on sweet corn until 15 days after planting (DAP).”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine increased weed control success to 35 DAP.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- atrazinee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- success of weed controle0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- up to 35 DAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of atrazine, mesotrione, and nicosulfuron at 21 DAP can increase the success of weed control observed up to 35 DAP of sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesotrione increased weed control success to 35 DAP.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- mesotrionee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- success of weed controle0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- up to 35 DAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of atrazine, mesotrione, and nicosulfuron at 21 DAP can increase the success of weed control observed up to 35 DAP of sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron increased weed control success to 35 DAP.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- success of weed controle0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- up to 35 DAPe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of atrazine, mesotrione, and nicosulfuron at 21 DAP can increase the success of weed control observed up to 35 DAP of sweet corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate atrazine mesotrione treatment gave the highest corn growth variables.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate, atrazine, and mesotrionee0
- Outcome
- plant height, number, and leaf greenness indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of glyphosate, atrazine, and mesotrione showed the highest values for growth variables (plant height, number, and leaf greenness index)”
t0“sweet corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest corn cob yield variables.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- glyphosate, atrazine, and mesotrionee0
- Outcome
- fresh weight, diameter, and length of sweet corn cobe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of glyphosate, atrazine, and mesotrione showed the highest values for growth variables (plant height, number, and leaf greenness index) and yield variables (fresh weight, diameter, and length of sweet corn cob).”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide decreased total soil bacteria abundance.
- Taxon
- sweet corne0
- Treatment
- Herbicidee0
- Outcome
- abundance of soil bacteriae0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 9.55x10-8 CFU/mLe0
- Qualifier
- 10.07x10-8 CFU/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide decrease abundance of soil bacteria on sweet corn field, from 10.07x10-8 CFU/mL to 9.55x10-8 CFU/mL (total bacteria)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide decreased phosphate solubilizing bacteria abundance.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- Herbicidee1
- Outcome
- phosphate solubilizing bacteriae0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 9.52x10-8 CFU/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“9.53x10-8 CFU/mL to 9.52x10-8 CFU/mL (phosphate solubilizing bacteria)”
t0“sweet corn”
e1“Herbicide decrease abundance of soil bacteria on sweet corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide decreased Rhizobium abundance.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- Herbicidee1
- Outcome
- Rhizobiume0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 9.40x10-8 CFU/mLe0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“9.90x10-8 CFU/mL to 9.40x10-8 CFU/mL (Rhizobium)”
t0“sweet corn”
e1“Herbicide decrease abundance of soil bacteria on sweet corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide decreased nitrogen fixing bacteria abundance.
- Taxon
- sweet cornt0
- Treatment
- Herbicidee1
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixing bacteriae0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 9.78x10-8 CFU/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“9.91x10-8 CFU/mL became 9.78x10-8 CFU/mL (nitrogen fixing bacteria)”
t0“sweet corn”
e1“Herbicide decrease abundance of soil bacteria on sweet corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported phosphate solubilizing bacteria density for the mixed treatment was 7.78 CFU/g versus control 8.77 CFU/g.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate, atrazine, and mesotrione (7.78 CFU/g and 9.52 CFU/g) was greater than control (8.77 CFU/g and 8.15 CFU/g)”
t0“sweet corn”
e1“The total density of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fixing bacteria density was 9.52 CFU/g versus 8.15 CFU/g control.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate, atrazine, and mesotrione (7.78 CFU/g and 9.52 CFU/g) was greater than control (8.77 CFU/g and 8.15 CFU/g)”
t0“sweet corn”
e1“The total density of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria”
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See all 38 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.