Abstract
Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals. However, okra plants were damaged by insect pests. This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality, for better pest management. Insects were recorded from 21th to 70th Day After Sowing, on Clemson spineless okra sown on March 2nd, 2024. A total of 12 species belonging to 6 orders (Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera) were collected. The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively. The Hemiptera Amrasca biguttula, Podagrica decolorata, Dysdercus voelkeri, Bemisia tabaci, Lepidoptera Plutella xylostella and, Orthopterans Oecanthus fultonis, Locusta migratoria and Criotettix bispinosus are pests. Sarcophaga sp (Diptera) is a parasitoid and Brachymyrmex patagonicus (Hymenoptera) is a pollinators. The Coleoptera Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella cheilomenes and Alticini sp are predators. During the vegetative stage, B. patagonicus (42.09%) and A. biguttula (29.93%) were the most abundant. During the reproductive stage, the highest number of A. biguttula (47.6%), P. decolorata (15.13%), D. voelkeri (13.57%) and B. patagonicus (11.59%) were recorded. Shannon and Margalef indices were higher during the reproductive stage (1.645, 1.602) than those of the vegetative stage (1.589, 1.477). The equitability indices are similar (0.66) for both phases. Knowledge of okra entomofauna will help for integrated pest management. published by the International Journal of Biosciences | IJB
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests made up 55.13% of the insects recorded on okra in the vegetative phase.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e1“The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively”
e7“This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality”
Claim · model-written summary
Predators made up 17.95% of the insects recorded on okra in the vegetative phase.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e1“The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively”
e7“This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoids made up 7.26% of the insects recorded on okra in the vegetative phase.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e1“The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively”
e7“This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollinators made up 19.66% of the insects recorded on okra in the vegetative phase.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e1“The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively”
e7“This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect pests made up 69.34% of the insects recorded on okra in the reproductive phase.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e1“The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively”
e7“This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality”
Claim · model-written summary
Predators made up 17.33% of the insects recorded on okra in the reproductive phase.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e1“The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively”
e7“This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoids made up 5.78% of the insects recorded on okra in the reproductive phase.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e1“The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively”
e7“This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollinators made up 7.55% of the insects recorded on okra in the reproductive phase.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e1“The relative abundances of insect pests, predators, parasitoids and pollinators were 55.13%, 17.95%, 7.26% and 19.66% respectively during the vegetative phase, and 69.34%, 17.33%, 5.78% and 7.55% during the reproductive phase, respectively”
e7“This study carried out to evaluate the diversity of insects on okra plants in Man locality”
Claim · model-written summary
Brachymyrmex patagonicus was the most abundant insect on okra in the vegetative stage, at 42.09%.
- Taxon
- Abelmonchus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee2
- Interactor
- B. patagonicus
Brachymyrmex patagonicuse2pollinatore5 - Outcome
- most abundante2
- Value
- 42.09%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e2“During the vegetative stage, B. patagonicus (42.09%) and A. biguttula (29.93%) were the most abundant”
e5“Brachymyrmex patagonicus (Hymenoptera) is a pollinators”
Claim · model-written summary
Brachymyrmex patagonicus had the highest share of insects on okra in the reproductive stage, at 11.59%.
- Taxon
- Abelmonchus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee3
- Interactor
- B. patagonicusBrachymyrmex patagonicuse3pollinatore5
- Outcome
- highest numbere3
- Value
- 11.59%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e3“During the reproductive stage, the highest number of A. biguttula (47.6%), P. decolorata (15.13%), D. voelkeri (13.57%) and B. patagonicus (11.59%) were recorded”
e5“Brachymyrmex patagonicus (Hymenoptera) is a pollinators”
Claim · model-written summary
The Shannon index on okra was higher in the reproductive stage (1.645) than in the vegetative stage (1.589).
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e4“Shannon and Margalef indices were higher during the reproductive stage (1.645, 1.602) than those of the vegetative stage (1.589, 1.477)”
Claim · model-written summary
The Margalef index on okra was higher in the reproductive stage (1.602) than in the vegetative stage (1.477).
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e4“Shannon and Margalef indices were higher during the reproductive stage (1.645, 1.602) than those of the vegetative stage (1.589, 1.477)”
Claim · model-written summary
Equitability on okra was similar in the vegetative and reproductive phases (0.66).
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e5“The equitability indices are similar (0.66) for both phases”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 12 insect species from 6 orders was collected on okra.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e6“A total of 12 species belonging to 6 orders (Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera) were collected”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella cheilomenes and Alticini sp are predators on okra.
- Taxon
- Abelmonchus esculentuse0
- Interactor
- Coccinella septempunctata
Coccinella septempunctatae6other - Second interactor
- Coccinella cheilomenese6other
- Outcome
- predatorse6
- Qualifier
- Alticini spe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Abelmonchus esculentus is an important source of vitamins and minerals”
e6“The Coleoptera Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella cheilomenes and Alticini sp are predators”