Abstract
ABSTRACT Genomic islands (GIs) are 20–500 kb DNA regions that are thought to be acquired by horizontal gene transfer. GIs that confer pathogenicity and environmental adaptation have been reported in Pseudomonas species; however, GIs that enhance bacterial virulence have not. Here, we identified 110 kb and 103 kb GIs in P. syringae pv. tabaci 6605 ( Pta 6605), the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease, which has the ability to produce tabtoxin as a phytotoxin. These GIs are partially homologous to known genomic islands in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and were designated Pta GI‐1 and Pta GI‐2. Both Pta GIs conserve core genes, whereas each GI possesses different accessory genes. Pta GI‐1 contains a tabtoxin biosynthetic gene cluster and three type III effector genes among its accessory genes, whereas Pta GI‐2 also contains homologous genes to hsvABC , pathogenicity‐related genes in Erwinia amylovora . Inoculation revealed that the Pta GI‐1 mutant, but not the Pta GI‐2 mutant, lost the ability to biosynthesise tabtoxin and to cause disease. Therefore, Pta GI‐1 is thought to be a pathogenicity island. Both Pta GI‐1 and Pta GI‐2 have a pseudogene of tRNA Lys on the left border and an intact tRNA Lys gene on the right border. In a colony of Pta 6605, both GIs can be excised at tRNA Lys , and Pta GI‐1 and Pta GI‐2 exist in a circular form. These results indicate that tabtoxin biosynthesis genes in Pta GI‐1 are required for disease development, and Pta GI‐1 is necessary for Pta 6605 virulence.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Two genomic islands of 110 kb and 103 kb were identified in the tobacco wildfire pathogen.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Interactor
- P. syringae pv. tabaci 6605Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabacie0pathogen
- Outcome
- 110 kb and 103 kb GIse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Here, we identified 110 kb and 103 kb GIs in P. syringae pv. tabaci 6605 ( Pta 6605), the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The two islands conserve core genes but differ in accessory genes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Outcome
- conserve core genese0
- Qualifier
- different accessory genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Pta GIs conserve core genes, whereas each GI possesses different accessory genes.”
e1“the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Pta GI-1 contains a tabtoxin biosynthetic cluster and three type III effector genes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- tabtoxin biosynthetic gene clustere0
- Outcome
- three type III effector genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pta GI‐1 contains a tabtoxin biosynthetic gene cluster and three type III effector genes among its accessory genes”
e1“the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Pta GI-2 contains homologs of pathogenicity-related hsvABC genes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- hsvABCe0
- Outcome
- homologous genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pta GI‐2 also contains homologous genes to hsvABC , pathogenicity‐related genes in Erwinia amylovora”
e1“the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The Pta GI-1 mutant lost tabtoxin biosynthesis and disease causation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- Pta GI‐1 mutante0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605Pseudomonas amygdali pv. tabaci str. 6605t0pathogen
- Outcome
- ability to biosynthesise tabtoxin and to cause diseasee0
- Direction
- loste0
- Comparator
- Pta GI‐2 mutante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation revealed that the Pta GI‐1 mutant, but not the Pta GI‐2 mutant, lost the ability to biosynthesise tabtoxin and to cause disease.”
t0“Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605”
e1“the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Both islands have a left-border tRNA Lys pseudogene and a right-border intact tRNA Lys gene.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- tRNA Lyse0
- Outcome
- a pseudogene of tRNA Lys on the left border and an intact tRNA Lys gene on the right bordere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Pta GI‐1 and Pta GI‐2 have a pseudogene of tRNA Lys on the left border and an intact tRNA Lys gene on the right border.”
e1“the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Both islands can be excised at tRNA Lys and occur in circular form.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- tRNA Lyse0
- Outcome
- both GIs can be excised at tRNA Lys , and Pta GI‐1 and Pta GI‐2 exist in a circular forme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both GIs can be excised at tRNA Lys , and Pta GI‐1 and Pta GI‐2 exist in a circular form.”
e1“the causative agent of tobacco wildfire disease”