Abstract
Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is the third most important crop in Ethiopia yet its productivity in the country remains significantly below experimental yields and water-limited yield potential due to soil fertility variability and the absence of site-specific fertilizer recommendations. To identify yield-limiting nutrients and support the development of a precision fertilizer recommendation tool, a nutrient omission study was conducted in the 2021 main cropping season across eight sites in the South Gondar Zone of Northwestern Ethiopia. The study evaluated eight treatments: (1) NF (NPKSZnB), (2) -B, (3) -Zn, (4) -S, (5) -K, (6) -P, (7) -N, and (8) F0, with nutrients applied at 138 kg N, 46 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O, 10.5 kg S, 5 kg Zn, and 1 kg B ha -1 . Results indicated that N omission significantly reduced wheat yield and yield-related traits across all sites, while P limitation was significant in 50% of the locations. The average yield response to N application was 2071.9 kg ha -1 (ranging from 847.2 to 2873.6 kg ha -1 ), followed by P, with a mean response of 499.1 kg ha -1 (16.6–850.8 kg ha -1 ). Soil indigenous nutrient supply (SINS) assessments revealed that N was only 45.0% sufficient, whereas P sufficiency was higher (87.0%). Potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) were found to be non-limiting, with soil supplies exceeding 90%. Yield gaps due to N and P omission averaged 53.9% and 11.9%, respectively, while omissions of K, S, Zn, and B had negligible effects. Agronomic efficiency was highest for P (22.2 kg kg -1 ), followed by N (13.1 kg kg -1 ) and K (5.2 kg kg -1 ). These findings demonstrate that N is the primary yield-limiting nutrient in the study area, with P being secondary in half of the evaluated farms. To enhance wheat productivity and minimize yield gaps, site-specific fertilizer recommendations emphasizing optimized N and P application are critical. The study was conducted for one season, and hence multi-year experiments to address season variation on the effect of the nutrient omission treatments is recommended.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting N significantly reduced wheat yield and yield-related traits across all sites.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- N omissione0
- Outcome
- wheat yield and yield-related traitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N omission significantly reduced wheat yield and yield-related traits across all sites”
Claim · model-written summary
P limitation was significant in 50% of the locations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- P limitatione0
- Value
- 50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P limitation was significant in 50% of the locations”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The average wheat yield response to N application was 2071.9 kg ha -1, ranging from 847.2 to 2873.6 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- average yield response to N applicatione0
- Value
- 2071.9 kg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- ranging from 847.2 to 2873.6 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average yield response to N application was 2071.9 kg ha -1 (ranging from 847.2 to 2873.6 kg ha -1 )”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The mean wheat yield response to P was 499.1 kg ha -1, ranging from 16.6 to 850.8 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- mean responsee0
- Value
- 499.1 kg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 16.6–850.8 kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by P, with a mean response of 499.1 kg ha -1 (16.6–850.8 kg ha -1 )”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil indigenous nutrient supply was only 45.0% sufficient for N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Soil indigenous nutrient supply (SINS)e0
- Value
- 45.0%e0
- Qualifier
- Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil indigenous nutrient supply (SINS) assessments revealed that N was only 45.0% sufficient, whereas P sufficiency was higher (87.0%)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil indigenous nutrient supply sufficiency was higher for P, at 87.0%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Soil indigenous nutrient supply (SINS)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 87.0%e0
- Qualifier
- Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil indigenous nutrient supply (SINS) assessments revealed that N was only 45.0% sufficient, whereas P sufficiency was higher (87.0%)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium, sulfur and zinc were non-limiting, with soil supplies exceeding 90%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- non-limitinge0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- Potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) were found to be non-limiting, with soil supplies exceeding 90%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron was non-limiting, with soil supplies exceeding 90%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- non-limitinge0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- boron (B)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) were found to be non-limiting, with soil supplies exceeding 90%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield gaps due to N omission averaged 53.9%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Yield gapse0
- Value
- 53.9%e0
- Qualifier
- due to N and P omissione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield gaps due to N and P omission averaged 53.9% and 11.9%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield gaps due to P omission averaged 11.9%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Yield gapse0
- Value
- 11.9%e0
- Qualifier
- due to N and P omissione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield gaps due to N and P omission averaged 53.9% and 11.9%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Omitting K, S, Zn and B had negligible effects on yield gaps.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- omissions of K, S, Zn, and Be0
- Outcome
- Yield gapse0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield gaps due to N and P omission averaged 53.9% and 11.9%, respectively, while omissions of K, S, Zn, and B had negligible effects”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic efficiency was highest for P, at 22.2 kg kg -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pe0
- Outcome
- Agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 22.2 kg kg -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agronomic efficiency was highest for P (22.2 kg kg -1 ), followed by N (13.1 kg kg -1 ) and K (5.2 kg kg -1 )”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic efficiency for N was 13.1 kg kg -1, below that for P.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- Agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 13.1 kg kg -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agronomic efficiency was highest for P (22.2 kg kg -1 ), followed by N (13.1 kg kg -1 ) and K (5.2 kg kg -1 )”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Agronomic efficiency for K was 5.2 kg kg -1, below that for P and N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- Agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 5.2 kg kg -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agronomic efficiency was highest for P (22.2 kg kg -1 ), followed by N (13.1 kg kg -1 ) and K (5.2 kg kg -1 )”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N is the primary yield-limiting nutrient in the study area, with P secondary in half of the evaluated farms.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- primary yield-limiting nutriente0
- Qualifier
- P being secondary in half of the evaluated farmse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N is the primary yield-limiting nutrient in the study area, with P being secondary in half of the evaluated farms”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Site-specific fertilizer recommendations emphasizing optimized N and P application are critical to enhance wheat productivity and minimize yield gaps.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- site-specific fertilizer recommendations emphasizing optimized N and P applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“site-specific fertilizer recommendations emphasizing optimized N and P application are critical”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Multi-year experiments are recommended to address season variation in the effect of nutrient omission treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- multi-year experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“multi-year experiments to address season variation on the effect of the nutrient omission treatments is recommended”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
54 papers in the same direction as this paper · 456 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
- positive
- positive
507 papers more in this group
See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.