Abstract
Abstract Spathodea campanulata is a highly adaptable invasive alien species (IAS) capable of rapidly dominating ecosystems, posing a significant threat to Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) biodiversity. This study aimed to assess the impact of S. campanulata invasion on the structure and composition of vegetation, the regeneration sustainability of native species, and plant diversity and evenness within BBSNP. The research was conducted in Pemerihan Resort, an area significantly affected by the S. campanulata invasion. A Systematic Sampling with Random Start was employed, and stratified plots of varying sizes were established based on plant growth phases to assess vegetation. Vegetation structure and composition were evaluated using the Importance Value Index (IVI); at the same time, species diversity was analyzed through the Shannon–Wiener Index and evenness was evaluated through the Evenness Index. The results revealed that S. campanulata exhibited extreme dominance in the tree phase with an IVI of 196.99%, leading to significant disruption in native species regeneration. Most native species showed regeneration failure due to competition, except Vitex pubescens , which exhibited resilience against invasion pressure. In addition, the study indicated a declining trend in species diversity with increasing growth phases, highlighting the long-term ecological implications of S. campanulata dominance. Despite the reduction in species diversity, the Evenness Index remained relatively high, suggesting a uniform distribution of surviving species. These findings underscore the urgency of developing strategic eradication and ecological management programs to mitigate the spread of S. campanulata and restore native ecosystem balance in BBSNP.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
S. campanulata dominated the tree phase, with an Importance Value Index of 196.99%.
- Taxon
- S. campanulata
Spathodea campanulatae0 - Organ / stage
- tree phasee0
- Outcome
- IVIe0
- Direction
- extreme dominancee0
- Value
- 196.99%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that S. campanulata exhibited extreme dominance in the tree phase with an IVI of 196.99%, leading to significant disruption in native species regeneration.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. campanulata dominance significantly disrupted native species regeneration.
- Taxon
- native speciese0
- Interactor
- S. campanulataSpathodea campanulatae0weed
- Outcome
- native species regeneratione0
- Direction
- disruptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that S. campanulata exhibited extreme dominance in the tree phase with an IVI of 196.99%, leading to significant disruption in native species regeneration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Most native species failed to regenerate under competition from S. campanulata.
- Taxon
- native speciese0
- Interactor
- S. campanulataSpathodea campanulatae1weed
- Outcome
- regeneration failuree0
- Qualifier
- due to competitione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most native species showed regeneration failure due to competition, except Vitex pubescens , which exhibited resilience against invasion pressure.”
e1“S. campanulata invasion on the structure and composition of vegetation”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitex pubescens remained resilient under invasion pressure.
- Taxon
- Vitex pubescense0
- Interactor
- S. campanulataSpathodea campanulatae1weed
- Outcome
- resilience against invasion pressuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most native species showed regeneration failure due to competition, except Vitex pubescens , which exhibited resilience against invasion pressure.”
e1“S. campanulata invasion on the structure and composition of vegetation”
Claim · model-written summary
Species diversity declined with increasing growth phases.
- Taxon
- S. campanulataSpathodea campanulatae1
- Organ / stage
- growth phasese0
- Outcome
- species diversitye0
- Direction
- declininge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, the study indicated a declining trend in species diversity with increasing growth phases, highlighting the long-term ecological implications of S. campanulata dominance.”
e1“S. campanulata invasion on the structure and composition of vegetation”
Claim · model-written summary
Evenness remained relatively high despite reduced species diversity.
- Taxon
- S. campanulataSpathodea campanulatae1
- Outcome
- Evenness Indexe0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Qualifier
- Despite the reduction in species diversitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite the reduction in species diversity, the Evenness Index remained relatively high, suggesting a uniform distribution of surviving species.”
e1“S. campanulata invasion on the structure and composition of vegetation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer a uniform distribution among surviving species from the high Evenness Index.
- Taxon
- S. campanulataSpathodea campanulatae1
- Outcome
- uniform distribution of surviving speciese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite the reduction in species diversity, the Evenness Index remained relatively high, suggesting a uniform distribution of surviving species.”
e1“S. campanulata invasion on the structure and composition of vegetation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors urge eradication and ecological management to limit S. campanulata spread and restore native ecosystem balance.
- Taxon
- S. campanulataSpathodea campanulatae0
- Outcome
- developing strategic eradication and ecological management programse0
- Qualifier
- mitigate the spread of S. campanulata and restore native ecosystem balance in BBSNPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings underscore the urgency of developing strategic eradication and ecological management programs to mitigate the spread of S. campanulata and restore native ecosystem balance in BBSNP.”