Abstract
The health status of three varieties of local aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds viz. Kalijira, Tulshimala, and Chinigura were detected at the farmers' level and collected from different locations of Gouripur Upazilla of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Three hundred sixty-three seed-borne fungal infections were recorded from 1500 seeds, representing 15 samples from five locations. This study revealed that around 23% of the rice seeds were infected by several fungi, such as B. oryzae, A. padwickii, C. lunata, F. moniliforme, F. emporium, and A. niger. Among the fungi, the most predominant fungi were F. oxysporum (22.3%), followed by F. moniliform (16.6%), A. flavus (14.87%), A. padwickii (14.32%) and A. niger (14.8%). The B. oryzae had the lowest (9.3%) seed-borne infection. Germination of seeds of the three selected aromatic rice varieties varied from 80.0-85.0%. The highest germination was found in the Chinigura rice variety (85%), while the lowest was in Kalijira. Seeds were treated with plant extracts, viz. neem, garlic and allamanda, with different doses to control the seed-borne pathogen. In treated seeds, germination ranged from 84%-87%, and infections were recorded at 0.95%-5.25%. Among the doses of all three plant extracts, 1:1 dilution showed significant performance in controlling seed-borne fungi and increasing the germination of rice seeds. Among the extracts, garlic extract @ 1:1 w/v was the best treatment for the per cent reduction of seed-borne infection.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
About 23% of rice seeds were infected by fungi.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- rice seeds were infectede0
- Value
- 23%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“around 23% of the rice seeds were infected by several fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum was the predominant fungus at 22.3%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. oxysporume0
- Value
- 22.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most predominant fungi were F. oxysporum (22.3%)”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
F. moniliform accounted for 16.6%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- F. moniliforme0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. moniliforme0
- Value
- 16.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. moniliform (16.6%)”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus accounted for 14.87%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- A. flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- A. flavuse0
- Value
- 14.87%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. flavus (14.87%)”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
A. padwickii accounted for 14.32%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- A. padwickiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- A. padwickiie0
- Value
- 14.32%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. padwickii (14.32%)”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger accounted for 14.8%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- A. nigere0pathogen
- Outcome
- A. nigere0
- Value
- 14.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. niger (14.8%)”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
B. oryzae had the lowest infection at 9.3%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- B. oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- seed-borne infectione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 9.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The B. oryzae had the lowest (9.3%) seed-borne infection”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of the three rice varieties ranged from 80.0 to 85.0%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Germination of seedse0
- Value
- 80.0-85.0%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of seeds of the three selected aromatic rice varieties varied from 80.0-85.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinigura had the highest germination at 85%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest germination was found in the Chinigura rice variety (85%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kalijira had the lowest germination.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Material
- Kalijirae0
- Outcome
- loweste0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the lowest was in Kalijira”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated seeds germinated at 84%-87%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- treated seedse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 84%-87%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In treated seeds, germination ranged from 84%-87%”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection among treated seeds ranged from 0.95%-5.25%.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- infectionse0
- Value
- 0.95%-5.25%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infections were recorded at 0.95%-5.25%”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1:1 dilution significantly controlled seed-borne fungi.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1:1 dilutione0
- Outcome
- controlling seed-borne fungie0
- Direction
- controllinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1:1 dilution showed significant performance in controlling seed-borne fungi”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1:1 dilution significantly increased rice seed germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 1:1 dilutione0
- Outcome
- germination of rice seedse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1:1 dilution showed significant performance in controlling seed-borne fungi and increasing the germination of rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract at 1:1 was best for reducing seed-borne infection.
- Taxon
- RICEOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- garlic extract @ 1:1 w/ve0
- Outcome
- per cent reduction of seed-borne infectione0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic extract @ 1:1 w/v was the best treatment for the per cent reduction of seed-borne infection”
t0“RICE”