Abstract
This study investigates the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversity of Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc.) in Liaodong, China, and across East Asia. Additionally, it evaluates core germplasm resources through cluster and population structure analyses using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data from 13 Castanea henryi, 18 Castanea seguinii, and 27 Castanea mollissima, and 142 Japanese chestnut resources. The results show that the East Asian Castanea genus forms a monophyletic group with distinct interspecific boundaries. Japanese chestnut and two varieties/lines of C. seguinii (187 and 170) form a sister clade, indicating a close phylogenetic relationship. All Japanese chestnut resources are divided into two branches, with considerable admixture. The genetic diversity analysis revealed that the 142 Japanese chestnut varieties/lines collectively possessed 141 allelic loci, with genetic distances (GDs) ranging from 0.429 to 0.880 with an average of 0.740. Based on unique characteristics, seven resources with distinctive features were selected as mandatory. A total of 41 core germplasm resources were finally determined using the simulated annealing method. The comparative analysis revealed that, aside from a notable difference in polymorphic information loci, the core germplasm and original germplasm showed no significant differences in other genetic diversity parameters. This indicates that the 41 core germplasm resources effectively preserve the genetic diversity of the original germplasm and have been influenced by artificial selection. This study provides a scientific basis for conserving and using C. crenata germplasm resources.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
East Asian Castanea formed a monophyletic group with distinct species boundaries.
- Outcome
- monophyletic group with distinct interspecific boundariese0
CastaneaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“the East Asian Castanea genus forms a monophyletic group with distinct interspecific boundaries”
Claim · model-written summary
Japanese chestnut formed a sister clade with two C. seguinii varieties or lines.
- Taxon
- Japanese chestnut
Castanea crenatae0 - Outcome
- sister cladee0
- Qualifier
- two varieties/lines of C. seguinii (187 and 170)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“Japanese chestnut and two varieties/lines of C. seguinii (187 and 170) form a sister clade”
Claim · model-written summary
Japanese chestnut resources fell into two admixed branches.
- Taxon
- Japanese chestnutCastanea crenatae0
- Outcome
- two branches, with considerable admixturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“All Japanese chestnut resources are divided into two branches, with considerable admixture”
Claim · model-written summary
The 142 Japanese chestnut resources possessed 141 allelic loci.
- Taxon
- Japanese chestnutCastanea crenatae0
- Outcome
- allelic locie0
- Value
- 141 allelic locie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“the 142 Japanese chestnut varieties/lines collectively possessed 141 allelic loci”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic distances among Japanese chestnut resources ranged from 0.429 to 0.880, averaging 0.740.
- Taxon
- Castanea crenataCastanea crenatat0
- Outcome
- genetic distances (GDs)e0
- Value
- 0.429 to 0.880e0
- Qualifier
- average of 0.740e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“genetic distances (GDs) ranging from 0.429 to 0.880 with an average of 0.740”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven resources with distinctive features were selected as mandatory.
- Taxon
- Castanea crenataCastanea crenatat0
- Outcome
- resources with distinctive features were selected as mandatorye0
- Value
- seven resourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“seven resources with distinctive features were selected as mandatory”
Claim · model-written summary
A core germplasm set of 41 resources was established using simulated annealing.
- Taxon
- Castanea crenataCastanea crenatat0
- Outcome
- core germplasm resourcese0
- Value
- 41 core germplasm resourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“A total of 41 core germplasm resources were finally determined using the simulated annealing method”
Claim · model-written summary
The core and original germplasm differed notably in polymorphic information loci.
- Taxon
- Castanea crenataCastanea crenatat0
- Outcome
- polymorphic information locie0
- Direction
- notable differencee0
- Comparator
- original germplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“aside from a notable difference in polymorphic information loci, the core germplasm and original germplasm showed no significant differences in other genetic diversity parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Other genetic diversity parameters did not differ significantly between core and original germplasm.
- Taxon
- Castanea crenataCastanea crenatat0
- Outcome
- other genetic diversity parameterse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Comparator
- original germplasme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“the core germplasm and original germplasm showed no significant differences in other genetic diversity parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that the 41-resource core preserves original germplasm diversity and reflects artificial selection.
- Taxon
- Castanea crenataCastanea crenatat0
- Outcome
- genetic diversity of the original germplasme0
- Qualifier
- influenced by artificial selectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Castanea crenata”
e0“the 41 core germplasm resources effectively preserve the genetic diversity of the original germplasm and have been influenced by artificial selection”