Abstract
A long tradition for using reduced fungicides rates in cereals have been exploited successfully in Denmark for more than 20 years and a similar trend has also been seen in other Northern European countries. The use of reduced and appropriate dose rates have been driven by field trials with several dose rates, where data often have shown sufficient control and better net yield responses with reduced rates. This has encouraged farmers to go for reduced rates in order to minimizing their cost for disease control. Optimal dose rates have been shown to depend on the active ingredient, the pathogen, disease pressure and timing of treatments. Certain diseases are known to require higher input (40- 75% rates) for achieving satisfactory control – this is the case for Septoria leaf blight, Rhynchosporium net blotch and Fusarium head blight, whereas most rust diseases generally have been found to be controlled successfully at rates down to quarter rates. Fungicides, in general, show highly variable dose responses for specific diseases, which is important to know when specific advice is given. Preventive treatments generally require less input compared with treatments during the latent period or later on well-established disease attack. Rates also have to be adjusted according to canopy structures. Early timing on a small canopy requires less fungicide than a full canopy around heading. The knowledge gathered concerning fungicide rates has led to great focus on the importance of optimizing timing of application. Most farmers are capable of monitoring the risk for diseases hereby ensuring that treatments are carried out at low disease pressure. In winter wheat the economically optimal fungicide input per season would require between 1-3 treatments and a total dose between 0.5 and 1.5 times the recommended dose. In spring barley the economically optimum input can vary from 0-2 treatments with a total fungicide use equivalent to 0.25 to 0.5 times the recommended dose. Applying reducing rates should never result in significant inferior control and economical yield losses. A recent review concluded that reduced fungicide rates select less for fungicide resistance and can help to delay development of resistance.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced fungicide rates often gave sufficient disease control.
Verbatim
e0“data often have shown sufficient control and better net yield responses with reduced rates.”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced fungicide rates often gave better net yield responses.
Verbatim
e0“data often have shown sufficient control and better net yield responses with reduced rates.”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal fungicide rates depend on ingredient, pathogen, disease pressure and timing.
- Taxon
- cerealst0
- Treatment
- timing of treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Optimal dose ratese0
- Qualifier
- active ingredient, the pathogen, disease pressuree0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Optimal dose rates have been shown to depend on the active ingredient, the pathogen, disease pressure and timing of treatments.”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Septoria leaf blight requires 40- 75% rates for satisfactory control.
Verbatim
e0“Certain diseases are known to require higher input (40- 75% rates) for achieving satisfactory control – this is the case for Septoria leaf blight, Rhynchosporium net blotch and Fusarium head blight”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhynchosporium net blotch requires 40- 75% rates for satisfactory control.
Verbatim
e0“Certain diseases are known to require higher input (40- 75% rates) for achieving satisfactory control – this is the case for Septoria leaf blight, Rhynchosporium net blotch and Fusarium head blight”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium head blight requires 40- 75% rates for satisfactory control.
Verbatim
e0“Certain diseases are known to require higher input (40- 75% rates) for achieving satisfactory control – this is the case for Septoria leaf blight, Rhynchosporium net blotch and Fusarium head blight”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Most rust diseases can be controlled at quarter rates.
Verbatim
e0“most rust diseases generally have been found to be controlled successfully at rates down to quarter rates.”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventive fungicide treatment requires less input than later treatment.
Verbatim
e0“Preventive treatments generally require less input compared with treatments during the latent period or later on well-established disease attack.”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Early treatment of a small canopy requires less fungicide than treatment near heading.
Verbatim
e0“Early timing on a small canopy requires less fungicide than a full canopy around heading.”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimum for winter wheat is 1-3 treatments per season.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- fungicide input per seasone0
- Value
- 1-3 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In winter wheat the economically optimal fungicide input per season would require between 1-3 treatments and a total dose between 0.5 and 1.5 times the recommended dose.”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimum for winter wheat entails a total dose of 0.5 to 1.5 recommended doses.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- total dosee0
- Value
- 0.5 and 1.5 times the recommended dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In winter wheat the economically optimal fungicide input per season would require between 1-3 treatments and a total dose between 0.5 and 1.5 times the recommended dose.”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimum for spring barley varies from 0-2 treatments.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Outcome
- optimum inpute0
- Value
- 0-2 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In spring barley the economically optimum input can vary from 0-2 treatments with a total fungicide use equivalent to 0.25 to 0.5 times the recommended dose.”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic optimum for spring barley entails 0.25 to 0.5 recommended doses.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- total fungicide usee0
- Value
- 0.25 to 0.5 times the recommended dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In spring barley the economically optimum input can vary from 0-2 treatments with a total fungicide use equivalent to 0.25 to 0.5 times the recommended dose.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced rates select less for fungicide resistance.
Verbatim
e0“A recent review concluded that reduced fungicide rates select less for fungicide resistance and can help to delay development of resistance.”
t0“cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced rates can delay fungicide resistance.
Verbatim
e0“A recent review concluded that reduced fungicide rates select less for fungicide resistance and can help to delay development of resistance.”
t0“cereals”