Abstract
AbstractThe effect of natural products viz., Neemastra, Agniastra and Brahmastra at different concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 40% was studied on developmental biology of A. segetum on cabbage. The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner. The maximum prolongation of incubation (3.02 days), larval (25.23 days), pre-pupal (2.11 days), pupal (10.02 days) and pre-oviposition period (3.00 days) was observed at 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastra as compared to control 2.17, 20.97, 1.34, 9.04, 2.23 days, respectively. However, the adult longevity, oviposition period, post-ovipostition period and fecundity were reduced with increasing concentrations of natural products. Brahmastra (40%) proved to be most effective, in reducing adult longevity (8.58 days), shortening oviposition period (2.49 days), post-ovipostition period (2.05 days) and reducing the fecundity (775.00 eggs) as compared to control 9.82, 4.13, 2.68 days and 887.67 eggs, respectively. The normal development of A. segetum was impaired by various natural products.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Natural products prolonged pest development in a dose dependent manner.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae3 - Treatment
- natural productse0
- Interactor
- A. segetum
_Figure_22f.jpg?width=60)
Agrotis segetume0pest - Outcome
- developmental periode0
- Direction
- prolonginge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_22f.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 per cent Brahmastra, the A. segetum incubation was prolonged to 3.02 days versus the control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastrae0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- incubatione0
- Direction
- prolongatione0
- Value
- 3.02 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum prolongation of incubation (3.02 days), larval (25.23 days), pre-pupal (2.11 days), pupal (10.02 days) and pre-oviposition period (3.00 days) was observed at 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastra as compared to control 2.17, 20.97, 1.34, 9.04, 2.23 days, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 per cent Brahmastra, the A. segetum larval was prolonged to 25.23 days versus the control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastrae0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- larvale0
- Direction
- prolongatione0
- Value
- 25.23 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum prolongation of incubation (3.02 days), larval (25.23 days), pre-pupal (2.11 days), pupal (10.02 days) and pre-oviposition period (3.00 days) was observed at 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastra as compared to control 2.17, 20.97, 1.34, 9.04, 2.23 days, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 per cent Brahmastra, the A. segetum pre-pupal was prolonged to 2.11 days versus the control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastrae0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- pre-pupale0
- Direction
- prolongatione0
- Value
- 2.11 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum prolongation of incubation (3.02 days), larval (25.23 days), pre-pupal (2.11 days), pupal (10.02 days) and pre-oviposition period (3.00 days) was observed at 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastra as compared to control 2.17, 20.97, 1.34, 9.04, 2.23 days, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 per cent Brahmastra, the A. segetum pupal was prolonged to 10.02 days versus the control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastrae0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- pupale0
- Direction
- prolongatione0
- Value
- 10.02 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum prolongation of incubation (3.02 days), larval (25.23 days), pre-pupal (2.11 days), pupal (10.02 days) and pre-oviposition period (3.00 days) was observed at 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastra as compared to control 2.17, 20.97, 1.34, 9.04, 2.23 days, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 per cent Brahmastra, the A. segetum pre-oviposition period was prolonged to 3.00 days versus the control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastrae0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- pre-oviposition periode0
- Direction
- prolongatione0
- Value
- 3.00 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum prolongation of incubation (3.02 days), larval (25.23 days), pre-pupal (2.11 days), pupal (10.02 days) and pre-oviposition period (3.00 days) was observed at 40 per cent concentration of Brahmastra as compared to control 2.17, 20.97, 1.34, 9.04, 2.23 days, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing natural product concentrations reduced adult longevity, oviposition and post-oviposition periods, and fecundity.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- increasing concentrations of natural productse0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- adult longevity, oviposition period, post-ovipostition period and fecunditye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the adult longevity, oviposition period, post-ovipostition period and fecundity were reduced with increasing concentrations of natural products.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40% Brahmastra, the A. segetum adult longevity decreased to 8.58 days compared with control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- Brahmastra (40%)e0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- adult longevitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 8.58 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brahmastra (40%) proved to be most effective, in reducing adult longevity (8.58 days), shortening oviposition period (2.49 days), post-ovipostition period (2.05 days) and reducing the fecundity (775.00 eggs) as compared to control 9.82, 4.13, 2.68 days and 887.67 eggs, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40% Brahmastra, the A. segetum oviposition period decreased to 2.49 days compared with control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- Brahmastra (40%)e0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- oviposition periode0
- Direction
- shorteninge0
- Value
- 2.49 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brahmastra (40%) proved to be most effective, in reducing adult longevity (8.58 days), shortening oviposition period (2.49 days), post-ovipostition period (2.05 days) and reducing the fecundity (775.00 eggs) as compared to control 9.82, 4.13, 2.68 days and 887.67 eggs, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40% Brahmastra, the A. segetum post-ovipostition period decreased to 2.05 days compared with control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- Brahmastra (40%)e0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- post-ovipostition periode0
- Direction
- shorteninge0
- Value
- 2.05 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brahmastra (40%) proved to be most effective, in reducing adult longevity (8.58 days), shortening oviposition period (2.49 days), post-ovipostition period (2.05 days) and reducing the fecundity (775.00 eggs) as compared to control 9.82, 4.13, 2.68 days and 887.67 eggs, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40% Brahmastra, the A. segetum fecundity decreased to 775.00 eggs compared with control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae3
- Treatment
- Brahmastra (40%)e0
- Interactor
- A. segetumAgrotis segetume1peste0
- Outcome
- fecunditye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 775.00 eggse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brahmastra (40%) proved to be most effective, in reducing adult longevity (8.58 days), shortening oviposition period (2.49 days), post-ovipostition period (2.05 days) and reducing the fecundity (775.00 eggs) as compared to control 9.82, 4.13, 2.68 days and 887.67 eggs, respectively.”
e3“A. segetum on cabbage”
e1“The natural products impaired the normal development of A. segetum by prolonging the developmental period in dose dependent manner.”