Abstract
Basal stem rot (BSR) disease, a lethal disease of coconut crop, induced by Ganoderma lucidum is prevalent and endemic in the East Coast region of the Tamil Nadu. The prolonged use of a single fungicide and the emerging issue of fungicide resistance raised concerns regarding disease control in this region. An integrated disease management strategy, incorporating new generation fungicides could help resolve these challenges. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research-AICRP on Plantation Crops (All India Co-ordinated Research Project) investigated different fungicides of single along with combination types against G. lucidum at three different concentrations (100, 250 and 500 ppm) in an in vitro study. Thirteen fungicides were screened and was found that hexaconazole 4 % + carbendazim 16 % SC, hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin 2.5 % SC as well as azoxystrobin 11 % + tebuconazole 18.3 % SC W/W were most effective in controlling G. lucidum even at lower concentrations. In field trial, two novel combination fungicides azoxystrobin 11 % + tebuconazole-18.3 % SC W/W and hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin 2 % SC, were utilized. In comparison to other treatments, treatment (T6), which consists of root feeding hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin-2.5 % SC @ 4 mL in 100 mL of water as well as drenching the soil with hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin-2.5 % SC @ 2 mL/L (15 L/palm) every three months, was the most successful in controlling the disease. This treatment reduced the BSR disease index by 12.43 % compared to the initial disease index and resulted in a 58.49 % increase in nut yield compared to the control.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole 4 % + carbendazim 16 % SC was among the most effective fungicides in controlling G. lucidum, even at lower concentrations.
- Taxon
- coconute0
- Treatment
- hexaconazole 4 % + carbendazim 16 % SCe1
- Interactor
- Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lucidume0pathogen - Outcome
- controlling G. lucidume1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Qualifier
- even at lower concentrationse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Basal stem rot (BSR) disease, a lethal disease of coconut crop, induced by Ganoderma lucidum”
e1“hexaconazole 4 % + carbendazim 16 % SC, hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin 2.5 % SC as well as azoxystrobin 11 % + tebuconazole 18.3 % SC W/W were most effective in controlling G. lucidum even at lower concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin 2.5 % SC was among the most effective fungicides in controlling G. lucidum, even at lower concentrations.
- Taxon
- coconute0
- Treatment
- hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin 2.5 % SCe1
- Interactor
- Ganoderma lucidumGanoderma lucidume0pathogen
- Outcome
- controlling G. lucidume1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Qualifier
- even at lower concentrationse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Basal stem rot (BSR) disease, a lethal disease of coconut crop, induced by Ganoderma lucidum”
e1“hexaconazole 4 % + carbendazim 16 % SC, hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin 2.5 % SC as well as azoxystrobin 11 % + tebuconazole 18.3 % SC W/W were most effective in controlling G. lucidum even at lower concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin 11 % + tebuconazole 18.3 % SC W/W was among the most effective fungicides in controlling G. lucidum, even at lower concentrations.
- Taxon
- coconute0
- Treatment
- azoxystrobin 11 % + tebuconazole 18.3 % SC W/We1
- Interactor
- Ganoderma lucidumGanoderma lucidume0pathogen
- Outcome
- controlling G. lucidume1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Qualifier
- even at lower concentrationse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Basal stem rot (BSR) disease, a lethal disease of coconut crop, induced by Ganoderma lucidum”
e1“hexaconazole 4 % + carbendazim 16 % SC, hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin 2.5 % SC as well as azoxystrobin 11 % + tebuconazole 18.3 % SC W/W were most effective in controlling G. lucidum even at lower concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, root feeding plus soil drenching with hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin-2.5 % SC was the most successful treatment in controlling the disease.
- Taxon
- coconute0
- Treatment
- root feeding hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin-2.5 % SC @ 4 mL in 100 mL of watere2
- Interactor
- Ganoderma lucidumGanoderma lucidume0pathogen
- Outcome
- controlling the diseasee4
- Direction
- most successfule4
- Comparator
- other treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Basal stem rot (BSR) disease, a lethal disease of coconut crop, induced by Ganoderma lucidum”
e2“treatment (T6), which consists of root feeding hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin-2.5 % SC @ 4 mL in 100 mL of water”
e3“In comparison to other treatments”
e4“was the most successful in controlling the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T6 reduced the BSR disease index by 12.43 % compared with the initial disease index.
- Taxon
- coconute0
- Treatment
- root feeding hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin-2.5 % SC @ 4 mL in 100 mL of watere2
- Interactor
- Ganoderma lucidumGanoderma lucidume0pathogen
- Outcome
- BSR disease indexe5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 12.43 %e5
- Comparator
- initial disease indexe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Basal stem rot (BSR) disease, a lethal disease of coconut crop, induced by Ganoderma lucidum”
e2“treatment (T6), which consists of root feeding hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin-2.5 % SC @ 4 mL in 100 mL of water”
e5“This treatment reduced the BSR disease index by 12.43 % compared to the initial disease index”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T6 increased nut yield by 58.49 % compared with the control.
Verbatim
e0“Basal stem rot (BSR) disease, a lethal disease of coconut crop, induced by Ganoderma lucidum”
e2“treatment (T6), which consists of root feeding hexaconazole 5 % + validamycin-2.5 % SC @ 4 mL in 100 mL of water”
e6“resulted in a 58.49 % increase in nut yield compared to the control”
The same questions in other papers
hexaconazole · yield · Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
infection · yield · Cocos nucifera (coconut palm)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.