Abstract
In the present study, eleven species of insect belonging to seven orders were recorded in chickpea. The population of Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exigua, Autographa nigrisigna, Aphis craccivora and Coccinella septumpunctata appeared during 50th, 52nd, 52nd, 49th, 50th Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs), respectively and remained upto 19th SMW. Among lepidopterous pests, the larval population of H. armigera attained its highest peaks in 14th and 16th SMWs in chickpea varieties, HC 1 and HK 1, respectively. Larval population of S. exigua reached its peak in 9th (HC 1) and 12th, 13th and 16th SMW (HK 1), A. nigrisigna in 13th and 16th (HC 1) and 13th and 15th SMW (HK 1). A. craccivora population reached at its peak in 50th (HK 1) and 52nd SMWs (HC 1) whereas C. septumpunctata attained its peaks in 14th (HK 1) and 15th SMWs (HC 1). The pod damage due to H. armigera was 39.32 and 41.44 per cent in HC 1 and HK 1, respectively. Temperature and bright sunshine hours showed a significant and positive correlation with the population of H. armigera, S. exigua, A. nigrisigna and C. septumpunctata. Wind speed exhibited a significant positive effect on the population of A. nigrisigna, S. exigua and C. septumpunctata. Relative humidity exhibited a significant negative correlation with H. armigera, A. nigrisigna and C. septumpunctata.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven insect species from seven orders were recorded on chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Outcome
- species of insecte0
- Value
- eleven species of insect belonging to seven orderse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eleven species of insect belonging to seven orders were recorded in chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The five listed insect species first appeared in standard meteorological weeks 50, 52, 52, 49 and 50, respectively, and persisted until week 19.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigera
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Helicoverpa armigerae0pestt0 - Outcome
- appeared during 50th, 52nd, 52nd, 49th, 50th Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs), respectively and remained upto 19th SMWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The population of Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exigua, Autographa nigrisigna, Aphis craccivora and Coccinella septumpunctata appeared during 50th, 52nd, 52nd, 49th, 50th Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs), respectively and remained upto 19th SMW”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Helicoverpa armigera larval populations peaked in weeks 14 and 16 on HC 1 and HK 1, respectively.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- HC 1 and HK 1e0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- larval population of H. armigerae0
- Direction
- highest peakse0
- Value
- 14th and 16th SMWse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the larval population of H. armigera attained its highest peaks in 14th and 16th SMWs in chickpea varieties, HC 1 and HK 1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Spodoptera exigua larvae peaked in week 9 on HC 1 and weeks 12, 13 and 16 on HK 1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- HC 1e0
- Interactor
- S. exigua
Spodoptera exiguae0pest - Outcome
- Larval population of S. exiguae0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 9th (HC 1) and 12th, 13th and 16th SMW (HK 1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larval population of S. exigua reached its peak in 9th (HC 1) and 12th, 13th and 16th SMW (HK 1)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Autographa nigrisigna larvae peaked in weeks 13 and 16 on HC 1 and 13 and 15 on HK 1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- A. nigrisigna
Autographa nigrisignae0pest - Outcome
- A. nigrisignae0
- Value
- 13th and 16th (HC 1) and 13th and 15th SMW (HK 1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. nigrisigna in 13th and 16th (HC 1) and 13th and 15th SMW (HK 1)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphis craccivora populations peaked in week 50 on HK 1 and week 52 on HC 1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- A. craccivora
Aphis craccivorae0pest - Outcome
- A. craccivora populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 50th (HK 1) and 52nd SMWs (HC 1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. craccivora population reached at its peak in 50th (HK 1) and 52nd SMWs (HC 1)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinella septumpunctata peaked in weeks 14 and 15 on HK 1 and HC 1, respectively.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- C. septumpunctatae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- C. septumpunctatae0
- Direction
- peakse0
- Value
- 14th (HK 1) and 15th SMWs (HC 1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. septumpunctata attained its peaks in 14th (HK 1) and 15th SMWs (HC 1)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Helicoverpa armigera damaged 39.32% of pods on HC 1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- HC 1e0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- pod damage due to H. armigerae0
- Value
- 39.32e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pod damage due to H. armigera was 39.32 and 41.44 per cent in HC 1 and HK 1, respectively”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Helicoverpa armigera damaged 41.44% of pods on HK 1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- HK 1e0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- pod damage due to H. armigerae0
- Value
- 41.44 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pod damage due to H. armigera was 39.32 and 41.44 per cent in HC 1 and HK 1, respectively”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature and sunshine hours correlated positively with populations of the four named insects.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- population of H. armigera, S. exigua, A. nigrisigna and C. septumpunctatae0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
- Setting
- Temperature and bright sunshine hourse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature and bright sunshine hours showed a significant and positive correlation with the population of H. armigera, S. exigua, A. nigrisigna and C. septumpunctata”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Wind speed was positively associated with A. nigrisigna, S. exigua and C. septumpunctata populations.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- A. nigrisignaAutographa nigrisignae0pest
- Outcome
- population of A. nigrisigna, S. exigua and C. septumpunctatae0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
- Setting
- Wind speede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wind speed exhibited a significant positive effect on the population of A. nigrisigna, S. exigua and C. septumpunctata”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative humidity correlated negatively with H. armigera, A. nigrisigna and C. septumpunctata populations.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- H. armigera, A. nigrisigna and C. septumpunctatae0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Setting
- Relative humiditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative humidity exhibited a significant negative correlation with H. armigera, A. nigrisigna and C. septumpunctata”
t0“chickpea”