Abstract
ABSTRACT Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill is a tree species widely used in ethnoveterinary practices, human medicine, furniture and charcoal making. Our study aimed to (i) map the favourable areas for the species in Benin, both currently and in the future, and (ii) analyse the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the structure and availability of T. leiocarpa . To achieve this goal, a dendrometric inventory of 141 plots across the three climate zones of Benin was carried out. This included the collection of soil type and insect attack data at the plot level, as well as climate data downloaded from the WorldClim 2 platform. Dendrometry parameters, such as basal area, tree height and diameter, Lorey height and importance value index (IVI) were calculated, and generalised linear mixed models, were established to determine the effects of biotic (diameter of heterospecific trees, density and diameter of conspecific trees) and abiotic (mean of daily temperature variation (bio2) and annual precipitation (bio12)) factors on these parameters. The future distribution areas of T. leiocarpa in Benin were projected under SSP 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5 scenarios using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). The results predicted a decrease in the suitable areas of 22% and 33% under the SSP 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5 scenarios, respectively. Our results also showed that conspecific tree diameter ( β = 0.34; p = 0.000) and conspecific tree density ( β = 0.02; p = 0.036) were positively associated with the tree height, while bio2 ( β = −0.32; p = 0.039) and bio12 ( β = −0.01; p = 0.004) had a negative effect on T. leiocarpa diameter. These results should help us to understand the ecological niche and to take the necessary steps upstream to contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of T. leiocarpa . Future studies could focus on analysing the impact of environmental factors on juvenile growth and survival.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The suitable area for Terminalia leiocarpa in Benin was predicted to decrease by 22% under the SSP 2-4.5 scenario.
- Taxon
- Terminalia leiocarpa
_Baill._3873852699.jpg?width=60)
Terminalia leiocarpae0 - Outcome
- suitable arease1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 22%e1
- Qualifier
- SSP 2–4.5e1
- Setting
- Benine2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Baill._3873852699.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill is a tree species”
e2“map the favourable areas for the species in Benin”
e1“The results predicted a decrease in the suitable areas of 22% and 33% under the SSP 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5 scenarios, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The suitable area for Terminalia leiocarpa in Benin was predicted to decrease by 33% under the SSP 5-8.5 scenario.
- Taxon
- Terminalia leiocarpaTerminalia leiocarpae0
- Outcome
- suitable arease1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 33%e1
- Qualifier
- SSP 5–8.5e1
- Setting
- Benine2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill is a tree species”
e2“map the favourable areas for the species in Benin”
e1“The results predicted a decrease in the suitable areas of 22% and 33% under the SSP 2–4.5 and SSP 5–8.5 scenarios, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Conspecific tree diameter was positively associated with tree height of Terminalia leiocarpa (beta = 0.34; p = 0.000).
- Taxon
- Terminalia leiocarpaTerminalia leiocarpae0
- Treatment
- conspecific tree diametere1
- Outcome
- tree heighte1
- Direction
- positively associatede1
- Value
- β = 0.34e1
- Qualifier
- p = 0.000e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill is a tree species”
e1“conspecific tree diameter ( β = 0.34; p = 0.000) and conspecific tree density ( β = 0.02; p = 0.036) were positively associated with the tree height”
Claim · model-written summary
Conspecific tree density was positively associated with tree height of Terminalia leiocarpa (beta = 0.02; p = 0.036).
- Taxon
- Terminalia leiocarpaTerminalia leiocarpae0
- Treatment
- conspecific tree densitye1
- Outcome
- tree heighte1
- Direction
- positively associatede1
- Value
- β = 0.02e1
- Qualifier
- p = 0.036e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill is a tree species”
e1“conspecific tree diameter ( β = 0.34; p = 0.000) and conspecific tree density ( β = 0.02; p = 0.036) were positively associated with the tree height”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean daily temperature variation (bio2) had a negative effect on T. leiocarpa diameter (beta = -0.32; p = 0.039).
- Taxon
- T. leiocarpaTerminalia leiocarpae1
- Treatment
- bio2e1
- Outcome
- diametere1
- Direction
- negative effecte1
- Value
- β = −0.32e1
- Qualifier
- p = 0.039e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bio2 ( β = −0.32; p = 0.039) and bio12 ( β = −0.01; p = 0.004) had a negative effect on T. leiocarpa diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual precipitation (bio12) had a negative effect on T. leiocarpa diameter (beta = -0.01; p = 0.004).
- Taxon
- T. leiocarpaTerminalia leiocarpae1
- Treatment
- bio12e1
- Outcome
- diametere1
- Direction
- negative effecte1
- Value
- β = −0.01e1
- Qualifier
- p = 0.004e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bio2 ( β = −0.32; p = 0.039) and bio12 ( β = −0.01; p = 0.004) had a negative effect on T. leiocarpa diameter”