Abstract
Wheat production in South Africa is vulnerable to leaf-, stem- and stripe rust caused by Puccinia triticina, P. graminis f. sp. tritici , and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici , respectively. These diseases negatively affect both yield and quality of the crop. Annual surveys were initiated in South Africa during the early 1980s to monitor pathogenicity changes in the rust pathogens that could affect local wheat production. These conventional methods identified virulence changes based on phenotypes on differential lines carrying specific resistance genes. More recently, molecular tools have been used to study the genetic variability of the rust pathogens, which in turn complemented the traditional phenotyping assays. Genetic analysis confirmed that newly detected virulence is primarily due to either stepwise mutations within a genetic lineage, or foreign introductions into the country. Urediniospores of wheat rusts that originated in mid-Africa, not only spread to southern Africa, but may cross the Indian ocean to Australia on rare occasions and under certain climatological conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of the annual surveys, and the value added by genetic analysis of the three wheat rust populations.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Newly detected wheat rust virulence in South Africa is primarily due to stepwise mutations within a lineage or to foreign introductions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- rust pathogense4pathogen
- Outcome
- newly detected virulencee1
- Qualifier
- primarily due to either stepwise mutations within a genetic lineage, or foreign introductionse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat production in South Africa is vulnerable to leaf-, stem- and stripe rust”
e1“Genetic analysis confirmed that newly detected virulence is primarily due to either stepwise mutations within a genetic lineage, or foreign introductions into the country”
e4“to monitor pathogenicity changes in the rust pathogens”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat rust urediniospores originating in mid-Africa spread to southern Africa and rarely reach Australia across the Indian Ocean.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- wheat rustse2pathogen
- Outcome
- spread to southern Africae2
- Qualifier
- on rare occasionse2
- Setting
- southern Africae2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat production in South Africa is vulnerable to leaf-, stem- and stripe rust”
e2“Urediniospores of wheat rusts that originated in mid-Africa, not only spread to southern Africa, but may cross the Indian ocean to Australia on rare occasions and under certain climatological conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual surveys of wheat rust pathogens are important for wheat production in South Africa.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- annual surveyse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat production in South Africa is vulnerable to leaf-, stem- and stripe rust”
e3“These findings emphasize the importance of the annual surveys”