Abstract
Abstract Staphyleaceae is a small family of shrubs and trees with its name-giving genus Staphylea having a highly disjunct distribution. Staphylea has a rich fossil record and was an important element in warm temperate Tertiary forests and is therefore regarded as a Tertiary relic. Based on DNA-sequence analyses of the nuclear marker ITS 1–2 and the chloroplast marker trn L-F as well as AFLP fingerprinting (amplified fragment length polymorphisms) we have gained more insights into the evolution and diversification of the two “European” bladdernut species, the widespread diploid Staphylea pinnata and the tetraploid S. colchica of the Caucasus. As the Caucasus is located west of the Ural Mountains, we consider both species as European. Staphylea pinnata seems to be involved in the hybridization of the likely allo-poly-ploidization of S. colchica together with an unknown, supposedly now extinct species. Ancient repeat types of ITS 1–2 in S. pinnata of Central Europe and Georgia suggested possible glacial refugia in Georgia, sequence similarity (especially a characteristic gap) in ITS 1–2 sequences of Ukrainian and Central European samples indicate refugia also in Ukraine, in the Dniester-Prut interfluve and the Bukovina Precarpathian region, as assumed by Derevenko (2005). Staphylea emodi from the Tibetan Plateau, the Staphylea species closest to the European ones was more closely related to the European species than to American species in our research.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
S. pinnata appears involved in allopolyploid formation of S. colchica with an unknown species.
- Taxon
- Staphylea pinnata
Staphylea pinnatae0 - Outcome
- hybridization of the likely allo-poly-ploidization of S. colchicae0
- Qualifier
- unknown, supposedly now extinct speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Staphylea pinnata seems to be involved in the hybridization of the likely allo-poly-ploidization of S. colchica together with an unknown, supposedly now extinct species”
Claim · model-written summary
Ancient ITS repeat types suggest glacial refugia for S. pinnata in Georgia.
- Taxon
- S. pinnataStaphylea pinnatae0
- Gene
- ITS 1–2e0
- Outcome
- possible glacial refugia in Georgiae0
- Setting
- Georgiae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ancient repeat types of ITS 1–2 in S. pinnata of Central Europe and Georgia suggested possible glacial refugia in Georgia”
Claim · model-written summary
ITS sequence similarity suggests refugia in Ukraine.
- Gene
- ITS 1–2e0
- Outcome
- refugia also in Ukrainee0
- Setting
- Dniester-Prut interfluve and the Bukovina Precarpathian regione0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“sequence similarity (especially a characteristic gap) in ITS 1–2 sequences of Ukrainian and Central European samples indicate refugia also in Ukraine, in the Dniester-Prut interfluve and the Bukovina Precarpathian region”
t0“bladdernuts (Staphylea, Staphyleaceae)”
Claim · model-written summary
Staphylea emodi was closer to European than American Staphylea species.
- Taxon
- Staphylea emodi
.jpg?width=60)
Staphylea emodie0 - Outcome
- closely related to the European speciese0
- Direction
- more closely relatede0
- Comparator
- American speciese0
- Setting
- Tibetan Plateaue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Staphylea emodi from the Tibetan Plateau, the Staphylea species closest to the European ones was more closely related to the European species than to American species in our research”