Abstract
Aims: To study the correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and its contributing characters in groundnut with aim of identifying superior yield contributing attributes for crop improvement. Study Design: Augmented Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: AICRP on Groundnut, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, between June 2024 to October 2024. Methodology: We include sixty-three genotypes, including three standard checks, were assessed at the Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, using an augmented block design. Observations were taken for twelve characters: three phenological (days to 50% flowering, peg initiation, and maturity), seven yield-related (branches/plant, pods/plant, pod yield/plant, kernel yield/plant, shelling percentage, sound mature kernel (SMK) percentage and 100-kernel weight) and two biochemical (protein and oil content). Results: The correlation and path analysis revealed kernel yield/plant, pods/plant, branches, and SMK as the most dependable contributors to dry pod yield/plant in groundnut. The yield of dry pods/plant demonstrated very strong positive correlations with both the number of pods/plant (rg = 0.98**) and kernel yield/plant (rg = 0.98**), as well as with the number of branches/plant (rg = 0.82**). It was also strongly correlated with the presence of sound mature kernels (rg = 0.73**). Path analysis confirmed kernel yield as the most influential trait, showing a strong direct effect (0.9767) on the yield of dry pods/plant is followed by the number of pods/plant with a moderate direct effect (0.0641) and sound mature kernels with a smaller effect (0.0215). While branches are positively correlated, they exerted a minimal negative direct effect of -0.0059, which suggests that their contributions are primarily indirect. Conversely, shelling percentage (-0.2067), 100-kernel weight (-0.0129), oil content (0.0211) and protein content (0.0137) showed weak or inconsistent direct effects, highlighting their limited role in yield improvement. Conclusion: The traits such as kernel yield, pods/plant and SMK were identified as greater portion of dependable selection parameters aimed at enhancing dry pod yield in groundnut, with branches acting as a supportive trait through indirect effects. Conversely, shelling percentage, 100-kernel weight, protein content and oil content played minor or inconsistent roles, making them less reliable as primary selection indices.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel yield/plant, pods/plant, branches and SMK were the most dependable contributors to dry pod yield in groundnut.
- Taxon
- Groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- kernel yield/plant, pods/plant, branches, and SMKe1
- Outcome
- dry pod yield/plante1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“The correlation and path analysis revealed kernel yield/plant, pods/plant, branches, and SMK as the most dependable contributors to dry pod yield/plant in groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry pod yield per plant was positively correlated with pods per plant (rg = 0.98).
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- number of pods/plante2
- Outcome
- yield of dry pods/plante2
- Direction
- positivee2
- Value
- rg = 0.98**e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e2“The yield of dry pods/plant demonstrated very strong positive correlations with both the number of pods/plant (rg = 0.98**) and kernel yield/plant (rg = 0.98**), as well as with the number of branches/plant (rg = 0.82**). It was also strongly correlated with the presence of sound mature kernels (rg = 0.73**)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry pod yield per plant was positively correlated with kernel yield per plant (rg = 0.98).
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- kernel yield/plante2
- Outcome
- yield of dry pods/plante2
- Direction
- positivee2
- Value
- rg = 0.98**e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e2“The yield of dry pods/plant demonstrated very strong positive correlations with both the number of pods/plant (rg = 0.98**) and kernel yield/plant (rg = 0.98**), as well as with the number of branches/plant (rg = 0.82**). It was also strongly correlated with the presence of sound mature kernels (rg = 0.73**)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry pod yield per plant was positively correlated with branches per plant (rg = 0.82).
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- number of branches/plante2
- Outcome
- yield of dry pods/plante2
- Direction
- positivee2
- Value
- rg = 0.82**e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e2“The yield of dry pods/plant demonstrated very strong positive correlations with both the number of pods/plant (rg = 0.98**) and kernel yield/plant (rg = 0.98**), as well as with the number of branches/plant (rg = 0.82**). It was also strongly correlated with the presence of sound mature kernels (rg = 0.73**)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry pod yield per plant was strongly correlated with sound mature kernels (rg = 0.73).
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- presence of sound mature kernelse2
- Outcome
- yield of dry pods/plante2
- Value
- rg = 0.73**e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e2“The yield of dry pods/plant demonstrated very strong positive correlations with both the number of pods/plant (rg = 0.98**) and kernel yield/plant (rg = 0.98**), as well as with the number of branches/plant (rg = 0.82**). It was also strongly correlated with the presence of sound mature kernels (rg = 0.73**)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel yield had the largest direct effect (0.9767) on dry pod yield per plant in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- kernel yielde3
- Outcome
- yield of dry pods/plante3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 0.9767e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e3“Path analysis confirmed kernel yield as the most influential trait, showing a strong direct effect (0.9767) on the yield of dry pods/plant is followed by the number of pods/plant with a moderate direct effect (0.0641) and sound mature kernels with a smaller effect (0.0215)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pods per plant had a moderate direct effect (0.0641) on dry pod yield in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- number of pods/plante3
- Outcome
- yield of dry pods/plante3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 0.0641e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e3“Path analysis confirmed kernel yield as the most influential trait, showing a strong direct effect (0.9767) on the yield of dry pods/plant is followed by the number of pods/plant with a moderate direct effect (0.0641) and sound mature kernels with a smaller effect (0.0215)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sound mature kernels had a smaller direct effect (0.0215) on dry pod yield in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- sound mature kernelse3
- Outcome
- yield of dry pods/plante3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 0.0215e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e3“Path analysis confirmed kernel yield as the most influential trait, showing a strong direct effect (0.9767) on the yield of dry pods/plant is followed by the number of pods/plant with a moderate direct effect (0.0641) and sound mature kernels with a smaller effect (0.0215)”
Claim · model-written summary
Branches per plant had a minimal negative direct effect (-0.0059) on dry pod yield in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- branchese4
- Outcome
- yield of dry pods/plante3
- Direction
- negativee4
- Value
- -0.0059e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e4“While branches are positively correlated, they exerted a minimal negative direct effect of -0.0059, which suggests that their contributions are primarily indirect”
e3“Path analysis confirmed kernel yield as the most influential trait, showing a strong direct effect (0.9767) on the yield of dry pods/plant is followed by the number of pods/plant with a moderate direct effect (0.0641) and sound mature kernels with a smaller effect (0.0215)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shelling percentage had a weak negative direct effect (-0.2067) on yield improvement in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- shelling percentagee5
- Outcome
- yield improvemente5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
- Value
- -0.2067e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e5“Conversely, shelling percentage (-0.2067), 100-kernel weight (-0.0129), oil content (0.0211) and protein content (0.0137) showed weak or inconsistent direct effects, highlighting their limited role in yield improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
100-kernel weight had a weak negative direct effect (-0.0129) on yield improvement in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 100-kernel weighte5
- Outcome
- yield improvemente5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
- Value
- -0.0129e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e5“Conversely, shelling percentage (-0.2067), 100-kernel weight (-0.0129), oil content (0.0211) and protein content (0.0137) showed weak or inconsistent direct effects, highlighting their limited role in yield improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil content had a weak positive direct effect (0.0211) on yield improvement in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- oil contente5
- Outcome
- yield improvemente5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 0.0211e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e5“Conversely, shelling percentage (-0.2067), 100-kernel weight (-0.0129), oil content (0.0211) and protein content (0.0137) showed weak or inconsistent direct effects, highlighting their limited role in yield improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content had a weak positive direct effect (0.0137) on yield improvement in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- protein contente5
- Outcome
- yield improvemente5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 0.0137e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e5“Conversely, shelling percentage (-0.2067), 100-kernel weight (-0.0129), oil content (0.0211) and protein content (0.0137) showed weak or inconsistent direct effects, highlighting their limited role in yield improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel yield, pods per plant and sound mature kernels are dependable selection parameters for enhancing dry pod yield in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- enhancing dry pod yielde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e6“The traits such as kernel yield, pods/plant and SMK were identified as greater portion of dependable selection parameters aimed at enhancing dry pod yield in groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Shelling percentage, 100-kernel weight, protein content and oil content are less reliable as primary selection indices in groundnut.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- primary selection indicese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e7“Conversely, shelling percentage, 100-kernel weight, protein content and oil content played minor or inconsistent roles, making them less reliable as primary selection indices”