Abstract
The present investigation was carried out at the Rishi Parashar School of Agriculture Science from November 2024 to February 2025 to assess the performance of Chlorophyceae algae, specifically those collected from the Tapti River in Bhuranpur. The study examined the impacts of microalgae applications on three major crops: barley, mustard, and maize. Thirteen experimental treatments were implemented, including various combinations of algae with organic amendments and control groups: T-1 (Algae + vermiwash), T-2 (Algae + poultry manure), T-3 (Algae + vermicompost), T-4 (Algae + NADEP compost), T-5 (Algae + vermiwash + poultry manure), T-6 (Algae + vermiwash + vermicompost), T-7 (Algae + vermiwash + NADEP), T-8 (Algae alone), T-9 (Vermiwash alone), T-10 (Poultry manure alone), T-11 (Vermicompost alone), T-12 (NADEP alone), and T-13 (Control). Throughout the course of the experiment, both growth and yield parameters were systematically evaluated. The study evaluated the effects of algae-based organic amendments, in combination with vermiwash, poultry manure, vermicompost, and NADEP compost, on the growth and yield performance of maize, barley, and mustard. Results revealed significant differences among treatments across all crops. In maize, the integrated treatment Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5) recorded the maximum plant height (195.66 cm), cob weight (258.33 g), and green cob yield (148.56 q ha⁻¹), nearly doubling productivity compared to the control (78.22 q ha⁻¹). In barley, the same treatment (T-5) produced the tallest plants (98.25 cm), highest grain number per spike (40.11), and maximum grain yield (26.66 q ha⁻¹), while control plots had the lowest yield (12.66 q ha⁻¹). Similarly, in mustard, T-5 achieved the maximum plant height (131.33 cm), siliqua number per plant (90.66), seeds per siliqua (18.33), and seed yield (21.33 q ha⁻¹), outperforming the control (11.88 q ha⁻¹). Across all crops, stover or straw yield also followed the same trend, with integrated treatments showing nearly 100% yield advantage over control. The findings demonstrate that the combined application of algae with vermiwash and organic manures, particularly poultry manure, vermicompost, and NADEP compost, substantially enhances plant growth, yield attributes, and productivity. This integrated approach provides a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to improve crop performance while maintaining soil health.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments differed significantly across crops.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Results revealed significant differences among treatments across all crops.”
e1“growth and yield performance of maize, barley, and mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 gave maximum maize height of 195.66 cm.
- Treatment
- Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)e0
- Interactor
- Algaee0other
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 195.66 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In maize, the integrated treatment Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5) recorded the maximum plant height (195.66 cm), cob weight (258.33 g), and green cob yield (148.56 q ha⁻¹), nearly doubling productivity compared to the control (78.22 q ha⁻¹).”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 gave maximum maize cob weight of 258.33 g.
- Treatment
- Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)e0
- Interactor
- Algaee0other
- Outcome
- cob weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 258.33 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In maize, the integrated treatment Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5) recorded the maximum plant height (195.66 cm), cob weight (258.33 g), and green cob yield (148.56 q ha⁻¹), nearly doubling productivity compared to the control (78.22 q ha⁻¹).”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 gave maximum maize green cob yield of 148.56 q ha⁻¹ versus control 78.22 q ha⁻¹.
- Treatment
- Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)e0
- Interactor
- Algaee0other
- Outcome
- green cob yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 148.56 q ha⁻¹e0
- Qualifier
- 78.22 q ha⁻¹e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In maize, the integrated treatment Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5) recorded the maximum plant height (195.66 cm), cob weight (258.33 g), and green cob yield (148.56 q ha⁻¹), nearly doubling productivity compared to the control (78.22 q ha⁻¹).”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 produced the tallest barley plants at 98.25 cm.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)e1
- Interactor
- Algaee1other
- Outcome
- plantse0
- Direction
- talleste0
- Value
- 98.25 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In barley, the same treatment (T-5) produced the tallest plants (98.25 cm), highest grain number per spike (40.11), and maximum grain yield (26.66 q ha⁻¹), while control plots had the lowest yield (12.66 q ha⁻¹).”
e1“Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 produced the highest barley grain number per spike, 40.11.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)e1
- Interactor
- Algaee1other
- Outcome
- grain number per spikee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 40.11e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In barley, the same treatment (T-5) produced the tallest plants (98.25 cm), highest grain number per spike (40.11), and maximum grain yield (26.66 q ha⁻¹), while control plots had the lowest yield (12.66 q ha⁻¹).”
e1“Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 produced maximum barley grain yield of 26.66 q ha⁻¹ versus control 12.66 q ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)e1
- Interactor
- Algaee1other
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 26.66 q ha⁻¹e0
- Qualifier
- 12.66 q ha⁻¹e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In barley, the same treatment (T-5) produced the tallest plants (98.25 cm), highest grain number per spike (40.11), and maximum grain yield (26.66 q ha⁻¹), while control plots had the lowest yield (12.66 q ha⁻¹).”
e1“Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 gave maximum mustard height of 131.33 cm.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, in mustard, T-5 achieved the maximum plant height (131.33 cm), siliqua number per plant (90.66), seeds per siliqua (18.33), and seed yield (21.33 q ha⁻¹), outperforming the control (11.88 q ha⁻¹).”
e1“Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 gave maximum mustard siliqua number per plant of 90.66.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, in mustard, T-5 achieved the maximum plant height (131.33 cm), siliqua number per plant (90.66), seeds per siliqua (18.33), and seed yield (21.33 q ha⁻¹), outperforming the control (11.88 q ha⁻¹).”
e1“Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 gave maximum mustard seeds per siliqua of 18.33.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, in mustard, T-5 achieved the maximum plant height (131.33 cm), siliqua number per plant (90.66), seeds per siliqua (18.33), and seed yield (21.33 q ha⁻¹), outperforming the control (11.88 q ha⁻¹).”
e1“Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)”
Claim · model-written summary
T-5 gave maximum mustard seed yield of 21.33 q ha⁻¹ versus control 11.88 q ha⁻¹.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, in mustard, T-5 achieved the maximum plant height (131.33 cm), siliqua number per plant (90.66), seeds per siliqua (18.33), and seed yield (21.33 q ha⁻¹), outperforming the control (11.88 q ha⁻¹).”
e1“Algae + Vermiwash + Poultry Manure (T-5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated treatments gave nearly 100% maize stover or straw yield advantage over control.
- Treatment
- integrated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- stover or straw yielde0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across all crops, stover or straw yield also followed the same trend, with integrated treatments showing nearly 100% yield advantage over control.”
e1“maize, barley, and mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated treatments gave nearly 100% barley stover or straw yield advantage over control.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- integrated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- stover or straw yielde0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Value
- nearly 100%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across all crops, stover or straw yield also followed the same trend, with integrated treatments showing nearly 100% yield advantage over control.”
e1“maize, barley, and mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated treatments gave nearly 100% mustard stover or straw yield advantage over control.
Verbatim
e0“Across all crops, stover or straw yield also followed the same trend, with integrated treatments showing nearly 100% yield advantage over control.”
e1“maize, barley, and mustard”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude the integrated approach can sustainably improve crop performance and maintain soil health.
Verbatim
e0“This integrated approach provides a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to improve crop performance while maintaining soil health.”
e1“maize, barley, and mustard”
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