Abstract
Triploid breeding is a promising approach for developing seedless varieties, but the long juvenile phase of perennial fruit trees necessitates efficient early selection. In loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), a fruit crop with high demand for seedlessness, the relative contributions of hybridity, ploidy level, and parent-of-origin effects (POEs) to triploid seedling vigor remain elusive. To dissect these factors, we established a comprehensive experimental system comprising reciprocal diploid (2x), triploid (3x), and tetraploid (4x) hybrids from two genetically distinct cultivars. The ploidy, hybridity and genetic architecture of hybrid and parental groups were verified using flow cytometry, chromosome counting, newly developed InDel markers and genome-wide SNP analysis. Phenotypic evaluation of eight vigor-related traits revealed that plant height and soluble starch content were the most robust indicators of triploid heterosis in loquat. Notably, paternal-excess triploids [3x(p)] consistently outperformed all other groups. Quantitative analysis revealed POE as the main positive driver of triploid heterosis (+10.37% for plant height), far exceeding the negative impacts of hybridity (−12.75%) and ploidy level (−20.87%). These findings demonstrate that POE predominantly drives seedling vigor heterosis in triploid loquat. We propose a practical breeding strategy that combines prioritizing paternal-excess crosses with novel InDel markers for rapid verification of superior seedless progeny.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and soluble starch content were the most robust indicators of triploid heterosis in loquat among eight vigor-related traits.
- Taxon
- loquat
Eriobotrya japonicae0 - Outcome
- plant height and soluble starch contente0
- Qualifier
- most robust indicators of triploid heterosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height and soluble starch content were the most robust indicators of triploid heterosis in loquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Paternal-excess triploids [3x(p)] consistently outperformed all other groups.
- Taxon
- LoquatEriobotrya japonicat0
- Material
- paternal-excess triploids [3x(p)]e0
- Outcome
- consistently outperformede0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- all other groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triploid Loquat”
e0“paternal-excess triploids [3x(p)] consistently outperformed all other groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Parent-of-origin effect was the main positive driver of triploid heterosis, +10.37% for plant height.
- Taxon
- LoquatEriobotrya japonicat0
- Treatment
- POEe0
- Outcome
- triploid heterosise0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- +10.37%e0
- Qualifier
- for plant heighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triploid Loquat”
e0“POE as the main positive driver of triploid heterosis (+10.37% for plant height), far exceeding the negative impacts of hybridity (−12.75%) and ploidy level (−20.87%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybridity had a negative impact on triploid heterosis (-12.75%), smaller in magnitude than the parent-of-origin effect.
- Taxon
- LoquatEriobotrya japonicat0
- Treatment
- hybriditye0
- Outcome
- triploid heterosise0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- −12.75%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triploid Loquat”
e0“POE as the main positive driver of triploid heterosis (+10.37% for plant height), far exceeding the negative impacts of hybridity (−12.75%) and ploidy level (−20.87%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploidy level had a negative impact on triploid heterosis (-20.87%), smaller in magnitude than the parent-of-origin effect.
- Taxon
- LoquatEriobotrya japonicat0
- Treatment
- ploidy levele0
- Outcome
- triploid heterosise0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- −20.87%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triploid Loquat”
e0“POE as the main positive driver of triploid heterosis (+10.37% for plant height), far exceeding the negative impacts of hybridity (−12.75%) and ploidy level (−20.87%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose a breeding strategy that prioritizes paternal-excess crosses combined with novel InDel markers for rapid verification of superior seedless progeny.
- Taxon
- LoquatEriobotrya japonicat0
- Outcome
- breeding strategy that combines prioritizing paternal-excess crosses with novel InDel markerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Triploid Loquat”
e0“a practical breeding strategy that combines prioritizing paternal-excess crosses with novel InDel markers for rapid verification of superior seedless progeny”