Abstract
AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized from the leaf extracts of Lantana camara L. (Lc), Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Ph) and Coleus amboinicus Lour. (Ca), which possess allelopathic effects on the aquatic weed ‘water hyacinth’ (Pontederia crassipes Mart.). Their herbicidal efficacy was physically characterized and assessed. The absorption maxima of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were typical to those of AgNPs according to spectroscopy, and they possessed a face-centred cubic structure according to X-ray diffraction. Among the three biosynthesized NPs, Ph-AgNPs exhibited better stability, with a zeta potential of -32.7 mV, and dynamic light scattering at a size range of 213 nm. There was a significant difference in necrosis on water hyacinth leaves after spraying with a 1 ppm Ph-AgNP suspension as compared to that on leaves sprayed with Lc-AgNP and Ca-AgNP suspensions with the same concentration. The water hyacinth plants sprayed with 10 ppm Ph-AgNPs had the lowest number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, bud diameter, root length and plant height at 15 days after treatment (DAT). Ph-AgNPs at a concentration of 10 ppm significantly decreased the total chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content, protein content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the leaf tissue of water hyacinth at 5 DAT. The phenol content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in water hyacinth plants significantly increased in response to the application of the biosynthesized NPs. This study revealed the feasibility of utilizing a noxious weed, by exploiting its natural chemical properties, to manage by suppressing growth of another difficult-to-control noxious weed. The use of AgNPs biosynthesized from P. hysterophorus leaf extract effectively inhibited the growth of water hyacinth. However, accurate evaluation of AgNPs toxicity requires comprehensive, long-term studies under realistic environmental conditions to understand ecological factors interactions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Synthesized nanoparticles had absorption maxima typical of silver nanoparticles.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The absorption maxima of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were typical to those of AgNPs according to spectroscopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthesized nanoparticles had a face-centred cubic structure.
- Outcome
- face-centred cubic structuree0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“they possessed a face-centred cubic structure according to X-ray diffraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Ph-AgNPs had better stability with a zeta potential of -32.7 mV.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Among the three biosynthesized NPs, Ph-AgNPs exhibited better stability, with a zeta potential of -32.7 mV, and dynamic light scattering at a size range of 213 nm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ph-AgNPs had a dynamic-light-scattering size range of 213 nm.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Ph-AgNPs exhibited better stability, with a zeta potential of -32.7 mV, and dynamic light scattering at a size range of 213 nm.”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf necrosis differed significantly between 1 ppm Ph-AgNP and equal-concentration Lc-AgNP and Ca-AgNP sprays.
- Taxon
- water hyacinth
Pontederia crassipese0 - Treatment
- 1 ppm Ph-AgNP suspensione0
- Outcome
- necrosise0
- Comparator
- Lc-AgNP and Ca-AgNP suspensionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant difference in necrosis on water hyacinth leaves after spraying with a 1 ppm Ph-AgNP suspension as compared to that on leaves sprayed with Lc-AgNP and Ca-AgNP suspensions with the same concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
10 ppm Ph-AgNPs gave the lowest leaf number, length and width at 15 DAT.
- Taxon
- water hyacinthPontederia crassipese0
- Treatment
- 10 ppm Ph-AgNPse0
- Outcome
- number of leaves, leaf length, leaf widthe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- 15 days after treatment (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water hyacinth plants sprayed with 10 ppm Ph-AgNPs had the lowest number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, bud diameter, root length and plant height at 15 days after treatment (DAT).”
Claim · model-written summary
10 ppm Ph-AgNPs gave the lowest bud diameter, root length and height at 15 DAT.
- Taxon
- water hyacinthPontederia crassipese0
- Treatment
- 10 ppm Ph-AgNPse0
- Outcome
- bud diameter, root length and plant heighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- 15 days after treatment (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water hyacinth plants sprayed with 10 ppm Ph-AgNPs had the lowest number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, bud diameter, root length and plant height at 15 days after treatment (DAT).”
Claim · model-written summary
10 ppm Ph-AgNPs significantly decreased chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents at 5 DAT.
- Taxon
- water hyacinthPontederia crassipese0
- Treatment
- Ph-AgNPs at a concentration of 10 ppme0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content, protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 5 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ph-AgNPs at a concentration of 10 ppm significantly decreased the total chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content, protein content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the leaf tissue of water hyacinth at 5 DAT.”
Claim · model-written summary
10 ppm Ph-AgNPs significantly decreased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance at 5 DAT.
- Taxon
- water hyacinthPontederia crassipese0
- Treatment
- Ph-AgNPs at a concentration of 10 ppme0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- 5 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ph-AgNPs at a concentration of 10 ppm significantly decreased the total chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content, protein content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in the leaf tissue of water hyacinth at 5 DAT.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosynthesized nanoparticles significantly increased phenol content and SOD activity.
- Taxon
- water hyacinthPontederia crassipese0
- Treatment
- application of the biosynthesized NPse0
- Outcome
- phenol content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phenol content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in water hyacinth plants significantly increased in response to the application of the biosynthesized NPs.”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs made from P. hysterophorus leaf extract effectively inhibited water hyacinth growth.
- Taxon
- water hyacinthPontederia crassipese0
- Treatment
- AgNPs biosynthesized from P. hysterophorus leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of AgNPs biosynthesized from P. hysterophorus leaf extract effectively inhibited the growth of water hyacinth.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend comprehensive long-term realistic-environment studies for accurate AgNP toxicity evaluation.
- Outcome
- comprehensive, long-term studies under realistic environmental conditionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“However, accurate evaluation of AgNPs toxicity requires comprehensive, long-term studies under realistic environmental conditions to understand ecological factors interactions.”
The same questions in other papers
ph · growth · Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
botanical · growth · Pontederia crassipes (water hyacinth)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.