Abstract
ABSTRACT Longan is an exotic tropical fruit crop and exhibits off‐season flowering induced by potassium chlorate (KClO 3 ), though the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We assembled a high‐quality, 441.5 Mb genome of variety ‘Shixia’, with a contig N50 at 28.1 Mb, 29, 325 protein‐coding genes, 26 telomeres and 15 centromeres. Comparative genomic analysis with lychee revealed structural variations potentially driving gene family expansions related to flavone biosynthesis and disease resistance. Transcriptomic profiling showed that natural flowering appears to be primarily regulated by photoperiod, vernalisation and autonomous pathways, while KClO 3 ‐induced flowering may preferentially activate the gibberellin pathway at 5 days after treatment (DAT) and autonomous pathways at 10 DAT, involving putative repression of DlDDF1 , DlFLCs and DlSVPs , and up‐regulation of DlWRKY75_2 . In the perpetual‐flowering variety ‘Sijimi’, elevated expression of photoperiod genes, such as DlCOR28 , DlCOR27 , DlADO3 , DlPRR5 , DlGI and DlJMJ30 , may explain its perpetual blooming. Overexpression of DlDDF1 in Arabidopsis delayed flowering, partially reversed by KClO 3 through an increase in bioactive GA 4 . Together, KClO 3 ‐induced flowering likely involves oxidative stress response and gibberellin signalling via DlDDF1 repression, while natural flowering relies on seasonal cues. These results lay the foundation for longan genetic improvement.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A high-quality Shixia genome was assembled.
- Taxon
- Longan
Dimocarpus longant0 - Material
- Shixiae0
- Outcome
- genomee0
- Value
- 441.5 Mbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We assembled a high‐quality, 441.5 Mb genome of variety ‘Shixia’, with a contig N50 at 28.1 Mb, 29, 325 protein‐coding genes, 26 telomeres and 15 centromeres.”
t0“Longan”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative genomics found structural variations potentially related to gene family expansions.
- Taxon
- LonganDimocarpus longant0
- Outcome
- structural variationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparative genomic analysis with lychee revealed structural variations potentially driving gene family expansions related to flavone biosynthesis and disease resistance.”
t0“Longan”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural flowering appears primarily regulated by three pathways.
- Taxon
- LonganDimocarpus longant0
- Outcome
- natural floweringe0
- Qualifier
- photoperiod, vernalisation and autonomous pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“natural flowering appears to be primarily regulated by photoperiod, vernalisation and autonomous pathways”
t0“Longan”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorate-induced flowering may activate the gibberellin pathway at five days.
- Taxon
- LonganDimocarpus longant0
- Treatment
- KClO 3e0
- Outcome
- KClO 3 ‐induced floweringe0
- Qualifier
- 5 days after treatment (DAT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KClO 3 ‐induced flowering may preferentially activate the gibberellin pathway at 5 days after treatment (DAT)”
t0“Longan”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorate-induced flowering may activate autonomous pathways at ten days.
- Taxon
- LonganDimocarpus longant0
- Outcome
- autonomous pathwayse0
- Qualifier
- 10 DATe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“autonomous pathways at 10 DAT, involving putative repression of DlDDF1 , DlFLCs and DlSVPs , and up‐regulation of DlWRKY75_2”
t0“Longan”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated photoperiod gene expression may explain perpetual flowering in Sijimi.
- Taxon
- LonganDimocarpus longant0
- Material
- Sijimie0
- Outcome
- perpetual bloominge0
- Qualifier
- elevated expression of photoperiod genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the perpetual‐flowering variety ‘Sijimi’, elevated expression of photoperiod genes, such as DlCOR28 , DlCOR27 , DlADO3 , DlPRR5 , DlGI and DlJMJ30 , may explain its perpetual blooming.”
t0“Longan”
Claim · model-written summary
DlDDF1 overexpression delayed flowering in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Overexpression of DlDDF1e0
- Gene
- DlDDF1e0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of DlDDF1 in Arabidopsis delayed flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorate partially reversed flowering delay via increased active GA4.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- KClO 3e0
- Compound
- bioactive GA 4e0
- Outcome
- partially reversede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of DlDDF1 in Arabidopsis delayed flowering, partially reversed by KClO 3 through an increase in bioactive GA 4”