Abstract
To improve the mechanized transplanting efficiency for large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia, this study aims to identify key morphological traits of seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting. A Box–Behnken design was used to set three experimental factors, broccoli variety, seedling age, and plug tray specification, to evaluate their effects on seedling plant type (plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter, stem inclination angle, and plant type cone angle) and root system characteristics (substrate loss rate). The results showed that plug tray specification was the primary factor affecting substrate loss rate, followed by variety and seedling age. Seedling age was the dominant factor affecting plant height, stem diameter, and canopy diameter, while plug tray specification primarily influenced stem inclination angle. Optimization via response surface methodology (RSM) indicated that the best transplanting performance was achieved with the “Hannai Youxiu” variety (excellent cold tolerance), 30-day-old seedlings, and 72-cell or 98-cell plug trays. Field validation confirmed that under these optimal parameters the mechanized transplanting feeding rate reached 100%, the seedling missing rate was 2.5%, and the transplanting qualification rate was 97.5%, with all RMSE values being less than 7.5%. These findings provide a scientific basis for the mechanized transplanting of broccoli in Ningxia, recommending the “Hannai Youxiu” variety and 98-cell plug trays with 30-day-old seedlings to enhance transplanting quality and production efficiency.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Plug tray specification was the primary factor affecting substrate loss rate.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- plug tray specificatione1
- Outcome
- substrate loss ratee1
- Qualifier
- primary factore1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“plug tray specification was the primary factor affecting substrate loss rate, followed by variety and seedling age”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety and seedling age were secondary factors for substrate loss rate.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- variety and seedling agee1
- Outcome
- substrate loss ratee1
- Qualifier
- followed bye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“plug tray specification was the primary factor affecting substrate loss rate, followed by variety and seedling age”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling age was the dominant factor affecting plant height, stem diameter and canopy diameter.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- Seedling agee1
- Outcome
- plant height, stem diameter, and canopy diametere1
- Qualifier
- dominant factore1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“Seedling age was the dominant factor affecting plant height, stem diameter, and canopy diameter”
Claim · model-written summary
Plug tray specification primarily influenced stem inclination angle.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- plug tray specificatione1
- Outcome
- stem inclination anglee1
- Qualifier
- primarily influencede1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“plug tray specification primarily influenced stem inclination angle”
Claim · model-written summary
The best transplanting performance was achieved with Hannai Youxiu, 30-day-old seedlings and 72-cell or 98-cell plug trays.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- Hannai Youxiue1
- Organ / stage
- 30-day-old seedlingse1
- Treatment
- 72-cell or 98-cell plug trayse1
- Outcome
- transplanting performancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“the best transplanting performance was achieved with the “Hannai Youxiu” variety (excellent cold tolerance), 30-day-old seedlings, and 72-cell or 98-cell plug trays”
Claim · model-written summary
Under the optimal parameters, the mechanized transplanting feeding rate reached 100% in field validation.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- mechanized transplanting feeding ratee1
- Value
- 100%e1
- Setting
- Field validatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“Field validation confirmed that under these optimal parameters the mechanized transplanting feeding rate reached 100%”
Claim · model-written summary
The seedling missing rate under optimal parameters was 2.5%.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- seedling missing ratee1
- Value
- 2.5%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“the seedling missing rate was 2.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
The transplanting qualification rate under optimal parameters was 97.5%.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- transplanting qualification ratee1
- Value
- 97.5%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“the transplanting qualification rate was 97.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
All RMSE values of the transplanting models were less than 7.5%.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- RMSE valuese1
- Value
- less than 7.5%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“with all RMSE values being less than 7.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Hannai Youxiu with 98-cell plug trays and 30-day-old seedlings to enhance transplanting quality and production efficiency.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Material
- Hannai Youxiue1
- Organ / stage
- 30-day-old seedlingse1
- Treatment
- 98-cell plug trayse1
- Outcome
- transplanting quality and production efficiencye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“large-scale broccoli production in Ningxia”
e1“recommending the “Hannai Youxiu” variety and 98-cell plug trays with 30-day-old seedlings to enhance transplanting quality and production efficiency”