Abstract
This study investigates the effects of different tillage practices on soil quality and maize yield in black soil farmland. Based on an eight-year continuous field plot experiment initiated in 2017, we examined the impacts of five tillage methods: conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage with straw mulching (NTS), subsoiling tillage with straw mulching (STS), harrow tillage with straw mulching and incorporation (HTS), and moldboard plowing tillage with straw incorporation (MPS). The focus was on soil structure, hydrothermal characteristics, organic matter, and nutrient content within the 0–40 cm soil layer, as well as maize dry matter accumulation and grain yield. The results indicate that, in 2023, compared to CT, STS significantly improved the soil structure and hydrothermal characteristic quality index (SHQI) in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Additionally, NTS, STS, HTS, and MPS significantly enhanced the soil organic matter and nutrient quality index (ONQI) in the 0–40 cm soil layer. NTS and STS increased the soil quality index (SQI) by 9.0% to 16.6% compared to the other treatments. Additionally, NTS, STS, HTS, and MPS significantly enhanced the soil organic matter and nutrient quality index (ONQI) in the 0–40 cm soil layer. In 2024, NTS and STS increased the soil quality index (SQI) by 9.0% to 16.6% compared to the other treatments. Furthermore, NTS and MPS significantly improved the SHQI in the 0–40 cm soil layer compared to CT. NTS and STS also significantly enhanced the ONQI in the 0–40 cm soil layer, while NTS, STS, and MPS increased the SQI by 7.3% to 22.6% compared to the other treatments. STS and MPS treatments significantly increased both hundred-kernel weight and grain yield compared to CT and NTS. Correlation and redundancy analyses revealed that SHQI in the 10–40 cm soil layer is a crucial factor affecting dry matter accumulation, yield, and its components in maize. In summary, in the semi-humid region of Northeast China, STS and MPS are cultivation techniques that optimize black soil quality and enhance maize grain yield.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with CT, STS significantly improved the SHQI in 2023.
- Treatment
- STSe1
- Outcome
- soil structure and hydrothermal characteristic quality index (SHQI)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- in 2023e1
- Comparator
- CTe1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e1“in 2023, compared to CT, STS significantly improved the soil structure and hydrothermal characteristic quality index (SHQI) in the 0–40 cm soil layer”
Claim · model-written summary
NTS, STS and HTS significantly enhanced the ONQI in the 0–40 cm soil layer.
- Treatment
- NTS, STS, HTSe2
- Outcome
- soil organic matter and nutrient quality index (ONQI)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- 0–40 cm soil layere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e2“Additionally, NTS, STS, HTS, and MPS significantly enhanced the soil organic matter and nutrient quality index (ONQI) in the 0–40 cm soil layer. NTS and STS increased”
Claim · model-written summary
MPS significantly enhanced the ONQI in the 0–40 cm soil layer.
- Treatment
- MPSe2
- Outcome
- soil organic matter and nutrient quality index (ONQI)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Setting
- 0–40 cm soil layere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e2“Additionally, NTS, STS, HTS, and MPS significantly enhanced the soil organic matter and nutrient quality index (ONQI) in the 0–40 cm soil layer. NTS and STS increased”
Claim · model-written summary
NTS and STS increased the SQI by 9.0% to 16.6% compared with the other treatments.
- Treatment
- NTS and STSe3
- Outcome
- soil quality index (SQI)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 9.0% to 16.6%e3
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e3“layer. NTS and STS increased the soil quality index (SQI) by 9.0% to 16.6% compared to the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2024, NTS and STS increased the SQI by 9.0% to 16.6% compared with the other treatments.
- Treatment
- NTS and STSe4
- Outcome
- soil quality index (SQI)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 9.0% to 16.6%e4
- Qualifier
- In 2024e4
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e4“In 2024, NTS and STS increased the soil quality index (SQI) by 9.0% to 16.6% compared to the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
NTS and MPS significantly improved the SHQI compared with CT.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e5“Furthermore, NTS and MPS significantly improved the SHQI in the 0–40 cm soil layer compared to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
NTS and STS significantly enhanced the ONQI in the 0–40 cm soil layer.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e6“NTS and STS also significantly enhanced the ONQI in the 0–40 cm soil layer”
Claim · model-written summary
NTS, STS and MPS increased the SQI by 7.3% to 22.6% compared with the other treatments.
- Treatment
- NTS, STS, and MPSe7
- Outcome
- SQIe7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 7.3% to 22.6%e7
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e7“while NTS, STS, and MPS increased the SQI by 7.3% to 22.6% compared to the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
STS and MPS significantly increased hundred-kernel weight and grain yield compared with CT and NTS.
- Treatment
- STS and MPSe1
- Outcome
- hundred-kernel weight and grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- CT and NTSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soil Quality and Maize Yield”
e1“STS and MPS treatments significantly increased both hundred-kernel weight and grain yield compared to CT and NTS”
Claim · model-written summary
SHQI in the 10–40 cm soil layer is a crucial factor affecting maize dry matter accumulation and yield.
- Treatment
- SHQI in the 10–40 cm soil layere1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation, yield, and its componentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Correlation and redundancy analyses revealed that SHQI in the 10–40 cm soil layer is a crucial factor affecting dry matter accumulation, yield, and its components in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
STS and MPS are cultivation techniques that optimize black soil quality and enhance maize grain yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“STS and MPS are cultivation techniques that optimize black soil quality and enhance maize grain yield”
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