Abstract
No-tillage cultivation of rice was evaluated in the transplanting cultivation of 10-day-old seedlings from 1993 to 1997. This study was conducted to examine the changes in weed occurrence, rice growth and yield during the no-tillage cultivation compared with those during tillage cultivation, and to clarify a critical year limit for the no-tillage cultivation. Seven weed species, namely Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, Aneilema keisak, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, and Scirpus juncoides emerged in tillage paddy fields, whereas nine weed species, namely Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, Aneilema keisak, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Leersia japonica, Potamogeton distinctus, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, and Zizania latifolia occurred in no-tillage paddy fields. As years of cultivation increased, shoot dry weight of weed species tended to increase in both tillage and no-tillage cultivation. The dominant weed species were Aneilema keisak and Eleocharis kuroguwai in no-tillage paddy fields while Echinochloa crus-galli and Eleocharis kuroguwai dominated in tillage paddy fields. When we looked into the ratio of annual and perennial weeds, annual weeds occurred with much greater frequency than perennial ones in paddy fields during both tillage and no-tillage cultivation. Plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight of rice in no-tillage cultivation were much lower than those in tillage cultivation. Especially, these investigative parameters decreased conspicuously 20 days after transplanting. Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields had a lower number of panicles per m2 compared than those in tillage paddy fields, but ripening rate, 1,000-grain weight and number of spikelets per panicle showed no difference. Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields exhibited about an 8-13% lower yield than those in tillage paddy fields. Regression equations between yield (y) and duration of no-tillage cultivation (x) can be obtained as follows, y = -19.3x + 518.5 (r=0.746**) for transplanting cultivation of 10-day-old seedlings. Considering that yield of rice plants, a critical year limit for no-tillage rice cultivation was found to be 2 years for transplanting cultivation of 10-day-old seedlings. There are factors in reducing rice yield in no-tillage cultivation such as missing and floating hill, solid and gaseous phase ratio of paddy soil, dissolved oxygen, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. We suggest that a decrease in rice yield in no-tillage was affected directly or indirectly by these factors
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Seven weed species emerged in tillage paddy fields.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- weed speciese1weed
- Outcome
- emergede1
- Setting
- tillage paddy fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“Seven weed species, namely Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, Aneilema keisak, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, and Scirpus juncoides emerged in tillage paddy fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine weed species occurred in no-tillage paddy fields.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- weed speciese1weed
- Outcome
- occurrede1
- Setting
- no-tillage paddy fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“nine weed species, namely Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, Aneilema keisak, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Leersia japonica, Potamogeton distinctus, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, and Zizania latifolia occurred in no-tillage paddy fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot dry weight of weed species tended to increase as years of cultivation increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- years of cultivatione1
- Interactor
- weed speciese1weed
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight of weed speciese1
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“As years of cultivation increased, shoot dry weight of weed species tended to increase in both tillage and no-tillage cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual weeds occurred with much greater frequency than perennial weeds in paddy fields under both tillage and no-tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- annual weedse1weed
- Outcome
- frequencye1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- perennial onese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“annual weeds occurred with much greater frequency than perennial ones in paddy fields during both tillage and no-tillage cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aneilema keisak and Eleocharis kuroguwai were the dominant weeds in no-tillage paddy fields.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Aneilema keisak
Murdannia keisake1weed - Second interactor
- Eleocharis kuroguwai
Eleocharis kuroguwaie1weed - Outcome
- dominant weed speciese1
- Setting
- no-tillage paddy fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“The dominant weed species were Aneilema keisak and Eleocharis kuroguwai in no-tillage paddy fields while Echinochloa crus-galli and Eleocharis kuroguwai dominated in tillage paddy fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Echinochloa crus-galli and Eleocharis kuroguwai dominated in tillage paddy fields.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie1weed - Second interactor
- Eleocharis kuroguwaiEleocharis kuroguwaie1weed
- Outcome
- dominatede1
- Setting
- tillage paddy fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“The dominant weed species were Aneilema keisak and Eleocharis kuroguwai in no-tillage paddy fields while Echinochloa crus-galli and Eleocharis kuroguwai dominated in tillage paddy fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height, number of tillers and shoot dry weight of rice were much lower under no-tillage than tillage, decreasing conspicuously 20 days after transplanting.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- no-tillage cultivatione1
- Outcome
- plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- 20 days after transplantinge2
- Comparator
- tillage cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“Plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight of rice in no-tillage cultivation were much lower than those in tillage cultivation”
e2“these investigative parameters decreased conspicuously 20 days after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dry weight of rice was much lower under no-tillage than tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- no-tillage cultivatione1
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- tillage cultivatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“Plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight of rice in no-tillage cultivation were much lower than those in tillage cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice under no-tillage had fewer panicles per m2 than under tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee1
- Outcome
- number of panicles per m2e1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- tillage paddy fieldse1
- Setting
- no-tillage paddy fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields had a lower number of panicles per m2 compared than those in tillage paddy fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Ripening rate, 1,000-grain weight and number of spikelets per panicle of rice showed no difference between no-tillage and tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- ripening rate, 1,000-grain weight and number of spikelets per paniclee1
- Direction
- no differencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“ripening rate, 1,000-grain weight and number of spikelets per panicle showed no difference”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice under no-tillage exhibited an 8-13% lower yield than under tillage.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- no-tillage paddy fieldse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 8-13%e1
- Comparator
- tillage paddy fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields exhibited about an 8-13% lower yield than those in tillage paddy fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield declined linearly with duration of no-tillage cultivation (y = -19.3x + 518.5, r = 0.746) for 10-day-old seedlings.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- duration of no-tillage cultivatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- r=0.746e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“Regression equations between yield (y) and duration of no-tillage cultivation (x) can be obtained as follows, y = -19.3x + 518.5 (r=0.746**) for transplanting cultivation of 10-day-old seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
A critical year limit for no-tillage rice cultivation was found to be 2 years for 10-day-old seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- critical year limit for no-tillage rice cultivatione1
- Value
- 2 yearse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“a critical year limit for no-tillage rice cultivation was found to be 2 years for transplanting cultivation of 10-day-old seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Decrease in rice yield under no-tillage is suggested to be affected by missing and floating hills, paddy soil phase ratio, dissolved oxygen, and shoot and root dry weight.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- rice yielde1
- Qualifier
- missing and floating hill, solid and gaseous phase ratio of paddy soil, dissolved oxygen, shoot dry weight, and root dry weighte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Transplanted with 10-Day-Old Seedlings”
e1“There are factors in reducing rice yield in no-tillage cultivation such as missing and floating hill, solid and gaseous phase ratio of paddy soil, dissolved oxygen, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight”
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