Abstract
“Flavescence dorée” (FD) outbreaks in Serbian vineyards first emerged in the early 2000s and were directly correlated with dense populations of the North American insect vector Scaphoideus titanus. The FD phytoplasma associated with the disease was first treated as alien and introduced, like it happens for its insect vector. However, the genetic peculiarities of FD phytoplasma strains from Serbia, as well as their occurrence in native alder trees in riparian areas and clematis plants in vineyard surroundings and in natural habitats, proved otherwise. Molecular data on the ecological properties of epidemiological cycles driving the epidemic outbreaks of FD in Serbia today indicated the importance of alders as reservoir plants for the epidemics (Krstić et al., 2022). Riparian habitats hosting alder trees, alongside wild Vitis, Salix sp., clematis, tree of heaven, and other FD phytoplasmas reservoir plants, were screened for native leafhopper vectors as well as for Orientus ishidae, a newly established vector of Asian origin in Serbia (Cvrković et al., 2021). Leafhopper Allygus modestus and A. mixtus were commonly found in association with alders in many sites, with the former being the dominant species. An established population of O. ishidae feeding on alders was found in a single location of riparian habitat in eastern Serbia. Among the analyzed leafhopper specimens, using epidemiologically informative map gene typing, nearly all A. modestus individuals were found carrying FD or -related phytoplasmas, while nearly 50% of O. ishidae were found infected at the same location. However, A. modestus specimens had a lower phytoplasma load (Cq > 25) than O. ishidae (Cq < 20 in 50% of infected individuals), even though they were collected in the same period of the year. When comparing the map genotypes carried by each of the putative vector species, A. modestus most often carried AldY genotypes, while O. ishidae was dominantly found harboring FD phytoplasma genotypes of both Map-FD1 and FD2 clusters. The experimental verification of the transmission capability and role in FD phytoplasma epidemiology for each of the leafhopper species is under study.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Allygus modestus and A. mixtus were commonly found in association with alders at many sites.
- Interactor
- Allygus modestusAllygus modestuse0pest
- Second interactor
- A. mixtus
Allygus mixtuse0pest - Outcome
- commonly found in association with alderse0
AlnusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leafhopper Allygus modestus and A. mixtus were commonly found in association with alders in many sites, with the former being the dominant species”
Claim · model-written summary
Allygus modestus was the dominant leafhopper species found with alders.
- Interactor
- Allygus modestusAllygus modestuse0pest
- Outcome
- dominant speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leafhopper Allygus modestus and A. mixtus were commonly found in association with alders in many sites, with the former being the dominant species”
Claim · model-written summary
An established population of Orientus ishidae feeding on alders was found at a single riparian location in eastern Serbia.
- Interactor
- O. ishidae
Orientus ishidaee0pest - Outcome
- established populatione0
- Setting
- single location of riparian habitat in eastern Serbiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An established population of O. ishidae feeding on alders was found in a single location of riparian habitat in eastern Serbia”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly all Allygus modestus individuals analysed carried FD or related phytoplasmas.
- Interactor
- FD or -related phytoplasmase0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. modestusAllygus modestuse0pest
- Outcome
- found carryinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nearly all A. modestus individuals were found carrying FD or -related phytoplasmas”
e1“Riparian habitats hosting alder trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly 50% of Orientus ishidae individuals at the same location were infected.
- Interactor
- O. ishidaeOrientus ishidaee0pest
- Outcome
- were found infectede0
- Value
- nearly 50%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nearly 50% of O. ishidae were found infected at the same location”
e1“Riparian habitats hosting alder trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Allygus modestus carried a lower phytoplasma load than Orientus ishidae.
- Interactor
- phytoplasma
Candidatus Phytoplasmae0pathogen - Second interactor
- A. modestusAllygus modestuse0pest
- Outcome
- phytoplasma loade0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- Cq > 25e0
- Comparator
- O. ishidaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. modestus specimens had a lower phytoplasma load (Cq > 25) than O. ishidae (Cq < 20 in 50% of infected individuals)”
e1“Riparian habitats hosting alder trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Allygus modestus most often carried AldY phytoplasma genotypes.
- Material
- AldY genotypese0
- Interactor
- A. modestusAllygus modestuse0pest
- Outcome
- map genotypes carriede0
- Direction
- most oftene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When comparing the map genotypes carried by each of the putative vector species, A. modestus most often carried AldY genotypes”
e1“Riparian habitats hosting alder trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Orientus ishidae dominantly harboured FD phytoplasma genotypes of the Map-FD1 and FD2 clusters.
- Material
- Map-FD1 and FD2 clusterse0
- Interactor
- FD phytoplasmae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- O. ishidaeOrientus ishidaee0pest
- Outcome
- found harboring FD phytoplasma genotypese0
- Direction
- dominantlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while O. ishidae was dominantly found harboring FD phytoplasma genotypes of both Map-FD1 and FD2 clusters”
e1“Riparian habitats hosting alder trees”