Abstract
Sorghum is the fifth most cultivated cereal; however, sorghum cultivation suffers from various threats. Fusarium thapsinum is the causal agent of sorghum stalk rot worldwide. However, there is no report on the genome characterization of F. thapsinum and its pathogenicity to sorghum glume. In this study, an F. thapsinum strain was isolated from the leaves and glumes of sorghum with red spot disease in Yibin, China. According to Koch's postulates, the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes. At 10 days postinoculation, red spots appeared, and the pathogen was re-identified as F. thapsinum and named FL-4, which indicated that F. thapsinum was pathogenic to sorghum leaves and glumes. The morphological characteristics of F. thapsinum in sorghum leaves were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, genome sequencing indicated that the FL-4 genome assembly was 41.97 Mb with a GC ratio of 47.85%, N 50 0.8 Mb, and 13,576 genes, including 1,124 secretory protein-coding genes and 5 antibiotic resistance genes. The basic characteristics of the genome were illustrated in a Circos map. Furthermore, all proteins were functionally annotated using the EggNOG, KEGG, GO, FVF, and PHI databases. This is the first report on the pathogenicity of F. thapsinum to sorghum glumes, as well as its genome characteristics. Considering the pathogenicity of F. thapsinum to sorghum and its broad appearance worldwide, F. thapsinum may be a destructive pathogen to sorghum, requiring greater attention. This research also provides a theoretical basis for further research on phytopathology.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
F. thapsinum caused red spots on inoculated sorghum leaves and glumes after 10 days.
- Organ / stage
- leaves and glumese0
- Treatment
- the strain was re-incubatede0
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume0pathogen
- Outcome
- red spotse0
- Setting
- Yibin, Chinae1
SorghumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes. At 10 days postinoculation, red spots appeared, and the pathogen was re-identified as F. thapsinum and named FL-4”
e1“Yibin, China”
Claim · model-written summary
The FL-4 genome FL-4 genome assembly was 41.97 Mb.
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume2pathogen
- Outcome
- FL-4 genome assemblye0
- Value
- 41.97 Mbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the FL-4 genome assembly was 41.97 Mb with a GC ratio of 47.85%, N 50 0.8 Mb, and 13,576 genes”
e1“the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes”
e2“F. thapsinum strain”
Claim · model-written summary
The FL-4 genome GC ratio was 47.85%.
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume2pathogen
- Outcome
- GC ratioe0
- Value
- 47.85%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the FL-4 genome assembly was 41.97 Mb with a GC ratio of 47.85%, N 50 0.8 Mb, and 13,576 genes”
e1“the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes”
e2“F. thapsinum strain”
Claim · model-written summary
The FL-4 genome N 50 was 0.8 Mb.
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume2pathogen
- Outcome
- N 50e0
- Value
- 0.8 Mbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N 50 0.8 Mb”
e1“the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes”
e2“F. thapsinum strain”
Claim · model-written summary
The FL-4 genome genes was 13,576.
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume2pathogen
- Outcome
- genese0
- Value
- 13,576e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“13,576 genes, including 1,124 secretory protein-coding genes and 5 antibiotic resistance genes”
e1“the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes”
e2“F. thapsinum strain”
Claim · model-written summary
The FL-4 genome secretory protein-coding genes was 1,124.
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume2pathogen
- Outcome
- secretory protein-coding genese0
- Value
- 1,124e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,124 secretory protein-coding genes”
e1“the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes”
e2“F. thapsinum strain”
Claim · model-written summary
The FL-4 genome antibiotic resistance genes was 5.
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume2pathogen
- Outcome
- antibiotic resistance genese0
- Value
- 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5 antibiotic resistance genes”
e1“the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes”
e2“F. thapsinum strain”
Claim · model-written summary
All FL-4 proteins were functionally annotated against five named databases.
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume2pathogen
- Outcome
- all proteins were functionally annotatede0
- Value
- EggNOG, KEGG, GO, FVF, and PHIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all proteins were functionally annotated using the EggNOG, KEGG, GO, FVF, and PHI databases”
e1“the strain was re-incubated on sorghum leaves and glumes”
e2“F. thapsinum strain”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified this as the first report of F. thapsinum pathogenicity to sorghum glumes.
- Interactor
- F. thapsinumFusarium thapsinume0pathogen
- Outcome
- first report on the pathogenicity of F. thapsinum to sorghum glumese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is the first report on the pathogenicity of F. thapsinum to sorghum glumes”