Abstract
The large and hard olive pit adversely affects oil quality during traditional crushing, as seed- and pit-derived enzymes modify phenolic profiles and volatile compounds. Polyploid breeding offers a potential means to reduce pit size and improve processing traits, yet cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) is a strictly diploid species, and natural polyploids have not been previously documented. To evaluate the potential of triploids in olive improvement, we screened seed-derived progeny from multiple cultivars for polyploidy using flow cytometry and chromosome observation. One naturally occurring triploid seedling (‘Olive-3x’) was identified from a mixed lot of open-pollinated seeds. Whole-genome resequencing was used to develop 64 polymorphic InDel markers, and three markers indicated ‘Koroneiki’ as one putative parent of the triploid. Morphological and cytological analyses showed that the triploid exhibited typical polyploid characteristics, including thicker leaves and enlarged epidermal and palisade mesophyll cells compared with diploid controls. These findings provide the first evidence of a naturally occurring triploid in cultivated olive and show that triploids can arise within seed-derived progeny. The identified triploid plant and the developed markers offer useful resources for future studies on olive polyploidy and provide foundational resources for future research on olive polyploidy and cultivar improvement.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
A naturally occurring triploid olive seedling was identified in a mixed lot of open-pollinated seeds.
- Taxon
- cultivated olive
Olea europaeae0 - Outcome
- triploid seedlinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“One naturally occurring triploid seedling (‘Olive-3x’) was identified from a mixed lot of open-pollinated seeds”
e0“cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three markers indicated Koroneiki as one putative parent of the triploid olive.
- Taxon
- cultivated oliveOlea europaeae0
- Material
- Koroneikie2
- Outcome
- putative parente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“three markers indicated ‘Koroneiki’ as one putative parent of the triploid”
e0“cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
The triploid olive had thicker leaves than diploid controls.
- Taxon
- cultivated oliveOlea europaeae0
- Outcome
- leavese3
- Direction
- thickere3
- Comparator
- diploid controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the triploid exhibited typical polyploid characteristics, including thicker leaves and enlarged epidermal and palisade mesophyll cells compared with diploid controls”
e0“cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
The triploid olive had enlarged epidermal and palisade mesophyll cells compared with diploid controls.
- Taxon
- cultivated oliveOlea europaeae0
- Outcome
- epidermal and palisade mesophyll cellse3
- Direction
- enlargede3
- Comparator
- diploid controlse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the triploid exhibited typical polyploid characteristics, including thicker leaves and enlarged epidermal and palisade mesophyll cells compared with diploid controls”
e0“cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea)”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-genome resequencing yielded 64 polymorphic InDel markers for cultivated olive.
- Taxon
- cultivated oliveOlea europaeae0
- Outcome
- polymorphic InDel markerse4
- Value
- 64e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“to develop 64 polymorphic InDel markers”
e0“cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea)”