Abstract
Fruit softening in Carica papaya L. is a significant postharvest limitation, primarily driven by the dynamic remodeling of cell wall polysaccharides. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification and in silico characterization of gene families involved in cell wall assembly and disassembly in papaya. A total of 181 genes were identified and classified into metabolic pathways: hemicellulose (58), pectin (69), extensin (24), expansin (13), and cellulose (17). These genes encode 176 predicted proteins, ranging in size from 100 to 1093 amino acids, featuring family-specific catalytic domains, including glycosyl hydrolases, transferases, and serine/threonine kinases. Phylogenetic analyses revealed strong conservation within the expansin-A and pectin polygalacturonase subfamilies, while hemicellulose-related XTH genes exhibited significant diversification. Experimental validation of nine XTH members confirmed this diversification, with amplicons ranging from 322 to 1370 bp, consistent with computational predictions. Notably, CpXTH1 and CpXTH32 produced bands of approximately 1200 and 1400 bp, respectively. These findings underscore the complexity of papaya cell wall gene families and provide a molecular framework for understanding fruit softening. Given that postharvest losses of papaya in Mexico exceed 34.7% of production (approximately 150,000 tons annually), our results offer valuable genomic resources for biotechnological strategies aimed at extending shelf life and reducing economic losses.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The study identified 181 cell-wall genes across five pathways.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L.
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=60)
Carica papayat0 - Outcome
- genes were identifiede0
- Value
- 181 genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_DPLA_-_55200ec009622d7d42349f3583df310e.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A total of 181 genes were identified and classified into metabolic pathways: hemicellulose (58), pectin (69), extensin (24), expansin (13), and cellulose (17).”
t0“Carica papaya L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The identified genes encode 176 predicted proteins spanning 100 to 1093 amino acids.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L.Carica papayat0
- Outcome
- predicted proteinse0
- Value
- 176e0
- Qualifier
- 100 to 1093 amino acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These genes encode 176 predicted proteins, ranging in size from 100 to 1093 amino acids, featuring family-specific catalytic domains, including glycosyl hydrolases, transferases, and serine/threonine kinases.”
t0“Carica papaya L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Expansin-A and pectin polygalacturonase subfamilies showed strong conservation.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L.Carica papayat0
- Gene
- expansin-A and pectin polygalacturonase subfamiliese0
- Outcome
- strong conservatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phylogenetic analyses revealed strong conservation within the expansin-A and pectin polygalacturonase subfamilies”
t0“Carica papaya L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hemicellulose-related XTH genes showed significant diversification.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L.Carica papayat0
- Gene
- XTH genese0
- Outcome
- significant diversificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hemicellulose-related XTH genes exhibited significant diversification”
t0“Carica papaya L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine XTH members were experimentally validated with amplicons of 322 to 1370 bp.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L.Carica papayat0
- Gene
- XTH memberse0
- Outcome
- ampliconse0
- Value
- 322 to 1370 bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experimental validation of nine XTH members confirmed this diversification, with amplicons ranging from 322 to 1370 bp, consistent with computational predictions.”
t0“Carica papaya L.”
Claim · model-written summary
CpXTH1 produced an approximately 1200 bp band.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L.Carica papayat0
- Gene
- CpXTH1e0
- Outcome
- bandse0
- Value
- 1200e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CpXTH1 and CpXTH32 produced bands of approximately 1200 and 1400 bp, respectively.”
t0“Carica papaya L.”
Claim · model-written summary
CpXTH32 produced an approximately 1400 bp band.
- Taxon
- Carica papaya L.Carica papayat0
- Gene
- CpXTH32e0
- Outcome
- bandse0
- Value
- 1400 bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CpXTH1 and CpXTH32 produced bands of approximately 1200 and 1400 bp, respectively.”
t0“Carica papaya L.”