Abstract
The Genus Hippophae L. (Elaeagnaceae), known for its ecological resilience and socio-economic significance, faces increasing threats from habitat degradation and human-induced activities. Despite its importance, research on species’ response to climatic shifts is limited. This study investigates the geographical distribution and habitat suitability of Hippophae to understand how changing environmental conditions affect its distribution patterns in the Himalayan region. Using an ensemble modeling approach, we analyzed the habitat suitability under past, present, and future climatic scenarios. Bioclimatic variables were key determinants of species distribution, with temperature-related factors showing strong influence. The ensemble model, integrating six robust algorithms, showed exceptional predictive accuracy (TSS > 0.80). Analysis of field surveys, online sources, and herbarium data revealed an upward shift in species habitat toward higher elevations in recent decades. Future projections indicate expansion of suitable habitat, particularly in central and eastern regions, with contrasting trends in protected areas. Suitable habitat is projected to expand by 3.32%(2050) and 11.21% (2070) under SSP 2–4.5 and by 11.21% (2050) and 12.42% (2070) under SSP5-8.5. The results predict reduced suitable habitat in west Nepal, with expansion in central and eastern Nepal. The results highlight climate-driven distribution shifts and provides guidance for conservation planning in Nepal.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature factors strongly influenced Hippophae distribution.
.JPG?width=60){kind=small}
HippophaeNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Bioclimatic variables were key determinants of species distribution, with temperature-related factors showing strong influence”
t0“Hippophae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The ensemble model attained TSS above 0.80.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ensemble model, integrating six robust algorithms, showed exceptional predictive accuracy (TSS > 0.80)”
t0“Hippophae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hippophae habitat shifted upward in recent decades.
- Outcome
- species habitate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“revealed an upward shift in species habitat toward higher elevations in recent decades”
t0“Hippophae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Future suitable habitat expands particularly in central and eastern regions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Future projections indicate expansion of suitable habitat, particularly in central and eastern regions”
t0“Hippophae L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected suitable habitat expands by 3.32% in 2050 under SSP 2–4.5.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expand by 3.32%(2050) and 11.21% (2070) under SSP 2–4.5”
t0“Hippophae L.”
e1“Suitable habitat”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected suitable habitat expands by 11.21% in 2070 under SSP 2–4.5.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expand by 3.32%(2050) and 11.21% (2070) under SSP 2–4.5”
t0“Hippophae L.”
e1“Suitable habitat”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected suitable habitat expands by 11.21% in 2050 under SSP5-8.5.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by 11.21% (2050) and 12.42% (2070) under SSP5-8.5”
t0“Hippophae L.”
e1“Suitable habitat”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected suitable habitat expands by 12.42% in 2070 under SSP5-8.5.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by 11.21% (2050) and 12.42% (2070) under SSP5-8.5”
t0“Hippophae L.”
e1“Suitable habitat”
Claim · model-written summary
Suitable habitat is projected to decline in west Nepal.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“predict reduced suitable habitat in west Nepal”
t0“Hippophae L.”