Abstract
Clarifying the processes that shape genetic patterns in invasive species requires disentangling introduction history from contemporary gene flow, which is crucial for uncovering invasion mechanisms and guiding management strategies. This challenge can be addressed by comparing maternally and biparentally inherited markers to isolate the signal of historical seed dispersal in chloroplast DNA from the combined influence of pollen and seed flow in nuclear data. In this study, we employed chloroplast sequences and nuclear microsatellite markers across 16 populations of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in China to reconstruct its invasion history and estimate ongoing gene flow. Genetic analyses revealed high within-population diversity and an absence of bottlenecks, consistent with the consequences of multiple introductions. Three previously documented introduction epicenters were confirmed, including Siping–Tieling–Shenyang, Nanjing, and Nanchang-Jiujiang. The strong discordance in population differentiation between chloroplast and nuclear markers ( F ST = 0.634 vs 0.113) indicates that contemporary pollen-mediated gene flow (pollen/seed flow ratio = 15.080) might be the dominant factor responsible for the genetic homogenization across Chinese invasive range, particularly in southern China. Our results indicate that the genetic pattern of high diversity but low differentiation in invasive A. artemisiifolia is not due to introductions from a pre-admixed source but is overwhelmingly shaped by contemporary pollen-mediated gene flow. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of invasion dynamics and underscore the need to manage both historical source regions and ongoing pollen dispersal for effective control. • Multiple introductions are responsible for Ambrosia artemisiifolia invasion in China. • Novel and documented introduction epicenters were identified, crucial for control. • Strong cytonuclear discordance reveals dominant pollen-mediated gene flow. • Pollen flow is responsible for genetic homogenization, especially in southern China.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations in China show high within-population genetic diversity.
- Taxon
- Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Ambrosia artemisiifoliat0 - Outcome
- within-population diversitye0
- Qualifier
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ambrosia artemisiifolia”
e0“Genetic analyses revealed high within-population diversity and an absence of bottlenecks, consistent with the consequences of multiple introductions”
Claim · model-written summary
Invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations in China show no genetic bottlenecks.
- Taxon
- Ambrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliat0
- Outcome
- bottleneckse0
- Qualifier
- an absence ofe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ambrosia artemisiifolia”
e0“Genetic analyses revealed high within-population diversity and an absence of bottlenecks, consistent with the consequences of multiple introductions”
Claim · model-written summary
Three previously documented introduction epicenters of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in China were confirmed.
- Taxon
- Ambrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliat0
- Outcome
- introduction epicenterse1
- Qualifier
- Siping–Tieling–Shenyang, Nanjing, and Nanchang-Jiujiange1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ambrosia artemisiifolia”
e1“Three previously documented introduction epicenters were confirmed, including Siping–Tieling–Shenyang, Nanjing, and Nanchang-Jiujiang”
Claim · model-written summary
Population differentiation based on chloroplast markers was FST = 0.634.
- Taxon
- Ambrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliat0
- Outcome
- population differentiatione2
- Value
- 0.634e2
- Qualifier
- chloroplast and nuclear markerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ambrosia artemisiifolia”
e2“The strong discordance in population differentiation between chloroplast and nuclear markers ( F ST = 0.634 vs 0.113)”
Claim · model-written summary
Population differentiation based on nuclear markers was FST = 0.113.
- Taxon
- Ambrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliat0
- Outcome
- population differentiatione2
- Value
- 0.113e2
- Qualifier
- chloroplast and nuclear markerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ambrosia artemisiifolia”
e2“The strong discordance in population differentiation between chloroplast and nuclear markers ( F ST = 0.634 vs 0.113)”
Claim · model-written summary
The pollen/seed flow ratio in Ambrosia artemisiifolia was 15.080.
- Taxon
- Ambrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliat0
- Outcome
- pollen/seed flow ratioe3
- Value
- 15.080e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ambrosia artemisiifolia”
e3“pollen/seed flow ratio = 15.080”
Claim · model-written summary
Contemporary pollen-mediated gene flow might be the dominant factor behind genetic homogenization in southern China.
- Taxon
- Ambrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliat0
- Outcome
- genetic homogenizatione4
- Qualifier
- contemporary pollen-mediated gene flowe4
- Setting
- southern Chinae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ambrosia artemisiifolia”
e4“contemporary pollen-mediated gene flow (pollen/seed flow ratio = 15.080) might be the dominant factor responsible for the genetic homogenization across Chinese invasive range, particularly in southern China”
Claim · model-written summary
The high diversity but low differentiation of invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia is not due to a pre-admixed source but is overwhelmingly shaped by contemporary pollen-mediated gene flow.
- Taxon
- Ambrosia artemisiifoliaAmbrosia artemisiifoliat0
- Outcome
- genetic pattern of high diversity but low differentiatione5
- Qualifier
- overwhelmingly shaped by contemporary pollen-mediated gene flowe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ambrosia artemisiifolia”
e5“Our results indicate that the genetic pattern of high diversity but low differentiation in invasive A. artemisiifolia is not due to introductions from a pre-admixed source but is overwhelmingly shaped by contemporary pollen-mediated gene flow”