Abstract
Phytophthora blight is a devastating disease of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) that severely impacts plant growth and productivity. This study investigates the morphological, anatomical, and biochemical responses of a susceptible variety (ICPL 11260) and a resistant variety (IPAC-02) following infection by Phytophthora. Morphological analyses showed that infection caused a drastic reduction in root length, shoot length, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight in the susceptible ICPL 11260 variety, with reductions ranging from 0.5- to 2-fold compared to non-infected controls. Anatomical observations revealed pronounced cellular damage and mycelial invasion in infected ICPL 11260 plants by 30 days after infection, whereas infected IPAC-02 plants exhibited no fungal colonization. Biochemical analyses further demonstrated that the resistant IPAC-02 variety accumulated higher levels of total soluble sugars, proteins, phenols, and flavonoids, along with increased activities of defense-related enzymes (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase), compared with the susceptible ICPL 11260. Under P. cajani stress, IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated osmolyte concentrations (total sugars 153.7 mg g−1 FW; proteins 25.4 mg g−1 FW), secondary metabolites (phenols 51.7 mg g−1 FW; flavonoids 33.1 mg g−1 FW), and PR-enzyme activities (chitinase 11.4 U mg−1 protein; β-1,3-glucanase 9.1 U mg−1 protein). These responses support a lignification-mediated defense mechanism in IPAC-02 and highlight its potential value for breeding Phytophthora-resistant pigeon pea cultivars.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Phytophthora infection reduced root length, shoot length and leaf number in susceptible ICPL 11260 by 0.5- to 2-fold compared with non-infected controls.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajan
Cajanus cajane0 - Material
- ICPL 11260e2
- Treatment
- infection by Phytophthorae1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora
Phytophthorae1pathogen - Outcome
- root length, shoot length, leaf numbere2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 0.5- to 2-folde2
- Comparator
- non-infected controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“infection by Phytophthora”
e2“infection caused a drastic reduction in root length, shoot length, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight in the susceptible ICPL 11260 variety, with reductions ranging from 0.5- to 2-fold compared to non-infected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytophthora infection reduced fresh weight and dry weight in susceptible ICPL 11260 by 0.5- to 2-fold compared with non-infected controls.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- ICPL 11260e2
- Treatment
- infection by Phytophthorae1
- Interactor
- PhytophthoraPhytophthorae1pathogen
- Outcome
- fresh weight, and dry weighte2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 0.5- to 2-folde2
- Comparator
- non-infected controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“infection by Phytophthora”
e2“infection caused a drastic reduction in root length, shoot length, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight in the susceptible ICPL 11260 variety, with reductions ranging from 0.5- to 2-fold compared to non-infected controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected ICPL 11260 plants showed pronounced cellular damage and mycelial invasion by 30 days after infection.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- ICPL 11260e1
- Outcome
- pronounced cellular damage and mycelial invasione1
- Qualifier
- by 30 days after infectione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“Anatomical observations revealed pronounced cellular damage and mycelial invasion in infected ICPL 11260 plants by 30 days after infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected resistant IPAC-02 plants exhibited no fungal colonization.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- IPAC-02e1
- Outcome
- no fungal colonizatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“infected IPAC-02 plants exhibited no fungal colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P. cajani stress, resistant IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated total sugars (153.7 mg g-1 FW) compared with susceptible ICPL 11260.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- IPAC-02e1
- Treatment
- P. cajani stresse1
- Interactor
- P. cajaniPhytophthora cajanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- total sugarse2
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- 153.7 mg g−1 FWe2
- Comparator
- susceptible ICPL 11260e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“Under P. cajani stress, IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated osmolyte concentrations”
e2“total sugars 153.7 mg g−1 FW”
e3“compared with the susceptible ICPL 11260”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P. cajani stress, resistant IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated proteins (25.4 mg g-1 FW) compared with susceptible ICPL 11260.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- IPAC-02e1
- Treatment
- P. cajani stresse1
- Interactor
- P. cajaniPhytophthora cajanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- proteinse2
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- 25.4 mg g−1 FWe2
- Comparator
- susceptible ICPL 11260e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“Under P. cajani stress, IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated osmolyte concentrations”
e2“proteins 25.4 mg g−1 FW”
e3“compared with the susceptible ICPL 11260”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P. cajani stress, resistant IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated phenols (51.7 mg g-1 FW) compared with susceptible ICPL 11260.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- IPAC-02e1
- Treatment
- P. cajani stresse1
- Interactor
- P. cajaniPhytophthora cajanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- phenolse2
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- 51.7 mg g−1 FWe2
- Comparator
- susceptible ICPL 11260e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“Under P. cajani stress, IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated osmolyte concentrations”
e2“phenols 51.7 mg g−1 FW”
e3“compared with the susceptible ICPL 11260”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P. cajani stress, resistant IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated flavonoids (33.1 mg g-1 FW) compared with susceptible ICPL 11260.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- IPAC-02e1
- Treatment
- P. cajani stresse1
- Interactor
- P. cajaniPhytophthora cajanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- flavonoidse2
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- 33.1 mg g−1 FWe2
- Comparator
- susceptible ICPL 11260e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“Under P. cajani stress, IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated osmolyte concentrations”
e2“flavonoids 33.1 mg g−1 FW”
e3“compared with the susceptible ICPL 11260”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P. cajani stress, resistant IPAC-02 showed elevated chitinase activity (11.4 U mg-1 protein) compared with susceptible ICPL 11260.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- IPAC-02e1
- Treatment
- P. cajani stresse1
- Interactor
- P. cajaniPhytophthora cajanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- chitinasee2
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- 11.4 U mg−1 proteine2
- Comparator
- susceptible ICPL 11260e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“Under P. cajani stress, IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated osmolyte concentrations”
e2“chitinase 11.4 U mg−1 protein”
e3“compared with the susceptible ICPL 11260”
Claim · model-written summary
Under P. cajani stress, resistant IPAC-02 showed elevated beta-1,3-glucanase activity (9.1 U mg-1 protein) compared with susceptible ICPL 11260.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- IPAC-02e1
- Treatment
- P. cajani stresse1
- Interactor
- P. cajaniPhytophthora cajanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- β-1,3-glucanasee2
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Value
- 9.1 U mg−1 proteine2
- Comparator
- susceptible ICPL 11260e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“Under P. cajani stress, IPAC-02 maintained significantly elevated osmolyte concentrations”
e2“β-1,3-glucanase 9.1 U mg−1 protein”
e3“compared with the susceptible ICPL 11260”
Claim · model-written summary
The biochemical responses support a lignification-mediated defense mechanism in IPAC-02.
- Taxon
- Cajanus cajanCajanus cajane0
- Material
- IPAC-02e1
- Outcome
- defense mechanisme1
- Qualifier
- lignification-mediatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)”
e1“These responses support a lignification-mediated defense mechanism in IPAC-02”
Claim · model-written summary
IPAC-02 has potential value for breeding Phytophthora-resistant pigeon pea cultivars.
- Taxon
- pigeon peaCajanus cajane0
- Outcome
- potential value for breeding Phytophthora-resistant pigeon pea cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highlight its potential value for breeding Phytophthora-resistant pigeon pea cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
infection · growth · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.