Abstract
The objectives were to determine the effects of foliar fungicide application on two barley forage varieties, one resistant (CDC Fraser) and the other susceptible (Claymore) to foliar fungal disease, on forage yield, silage quality, feed intake, milk production and composition, rumen fermentation, omasal nutrient flow, total-tract nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen (N) balance in dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (mean DIM = 40 ± 17; mean BW = 720 ± 26 kg at the start of the experiment) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. Experimental periods were 25 d, with 18 d of dietary adaptation and 7 d of sample and data collection. Test diets were: 1) fungicide-treated Claymore silage (CF); 2) untreated Claymore silage (CNF); 3) fungicide-treated CDC Fraser silage (FF); and 4) untreated CDC Fraser silage (FNF) as the major source of forage. Forage yields were 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF), and 1.35 (CF) t DM/ha, likely reflective of the low rainfall during the growing season. Due to dry and hot weather conditions during the growing season, the presence of foliar fungal disease was minimal. Experimental silages were similar in crude protein (mean = 14.0%; DM basis), ammonia (mean = 1.95%), and total volatile fatty acid (mean = 9.25%) concentrations. CDC Fraser silage had higher lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) but lower pH (P = 0.01) and acetic acid concentration (P < 0.01) than Claymore silage. Silage aNDF contents (DM%) were similar in FF and FNF, but greater in CNF than CF (interaction; P < 0.05). Without fungicide application, barley variety had no effect on silage starch content (DM%), whereas with fungicide application, Claymore had a greater silage starch content than CDC Fraser (interaction; P < 0.05). Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05). Total tract nutrient digestibility was unaffected by diet (P > 0.05). Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretion, total N excretion, milk N, and apparent N balance (expressed as g/d or % of N intake) were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05). Omasal fluid and particle flow were not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). Ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and pH were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05); however, total SCFA concentration was similar in CF and CNF but was greater in FNF than FF (interaction; P < 0.05). Valerate concentration was similar in FF and FNF but greater in CF than CNF (interaction; P < 0.05). These results suggest that foliar fungicide application on barley, regardless of variety susceptibility to fungal diseases, did not negatively affect silage quality or dairy cow performance.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Forage yields were 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF) and 1.35 (CF) t DM/ha.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Outcome
- Forage yieldse1
- Value
- 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF), and 1.35 (CF) t DM/hae1
- Qualifier
- likely reflective of the low rainfall during the growing seasone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e1“Forage yields were 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF), and 1.35 (CF) t DM/ha, likely reflective of the low rainfall during the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Experimental silages were similar in crude protein, ammonia and total volatile fatty acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- crude proteine2
- Value
- mean = 14.0%; DM basise2
- Qualifier
- ammonia (mean = 1.95%), and total volatile fatty acid (mean = 9.25%)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e2“Experimental silages were similar in crude protein (mean = 14.0%; DM basis), ammonia (mean = 1.95%), and total volatile fatty acid (mean = 9.25%) concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Fraser silage had higher lactic acid concentration than Claymore silage.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CDC Fraser silagee3
- Outcome
- lactic acid concentratione3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- Claymore silagee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e3“CDC Fraser silage had higher lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) but lower pH (P = 0.01) and acetic acid concentration (P < 0.01) than Claymore silage”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Fraser silage had lower pH than Claymore silage.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CDC Fraser silagee3
- Outcome
- pHe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- Claymore silagee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e3“CDC Fraser silage had higher lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) but lower pH (P = 0.01) and acetic acid concentration (P < 0.01) than Claymore silage”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Fraser silage had lower acetic acid concentration than Claymore silage.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CDC Fraser silagee3
- Outcome
- acetic acid concentratione3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- Claymore silagee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e3“CDC Fraser silage had higher lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) but lower pH (P = 0.01) and acetic acid concentration (P < 0.01) than Claymore silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage aNDF content was greater in CNF than in CF.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CNFe4
- Outcome
- aNDF contents (DM%)e4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Comparator
- CFe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e4“Silage aNDF contents (DM%) were similar in FF and FNF, but greater in CNF than CF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage aNDF content was similar in FF and FNF.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- FF and FNFe4
- Outcome
- aNDF contents (DM%)e4
- Direction
- similare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e4“Silage aNDF contents (DM%) were similar in FF and FNF, but greater in CNF than CF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fungicide application, barley variety had no effect on silage starch content.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- barley varietye5
- Treatment
- Without fungicide applicatione5
- Outcome
- silage starch content (DM%)e5
- Direction
- no effecte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e5“Without fungicide application, barley variety had no effect on silage starch content (DM%)”
Claim · model-written summary
With fungicide application, Claymore had greater silage starch content than CDC Fraser.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Claymoree6
- Treatment
- with fungicide applicatione6
- Outcome
- silage starch contente6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Comparator
- CDC Frasere6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e6“whereas with fungicide application, Claymore had a greater silage starch content than CDC Fraser (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition were unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete7
- Outcome
- Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk compositione7
- Direction
- unaffectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e7“Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total tract nutrient digestibility was unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete1
- Outcome
- Total tract nutrient digestibilitye1
- Direction
- unaffectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e1“Total tract nutrient digestibility was unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretion were unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete2
- Outcome
- Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretione2
- Direction
- unaffectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e2“Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretion, total N excretion, milk N, and apparent N balance (expressed as g/d or % of N intake) were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total N excretion, milk N and apparent N balance were unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete2
- Outcome
- total N excretion, milk N, and apparent N balancee2
- Direction
- unaffectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e2“Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretion, total N excretion, milk N, and apparent N balance (expressed as g/d or % of N intake) were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Omasal fluid and particle flow were not affected by dietary treatment.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- dietary treatmente3
- Outcome
- Omasal fluid and particle flowe3
- Direction
- not affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e3“Omasal fluid and particle flow were not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ruminal SCFA concentrations and pH were unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete4
- Outcome
- Ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and pHe4
- Direction
- unaffectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e4“Ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and pH were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total SCFA concentration was similar in CF and CNF.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CF and CNFe5
- Outcome
- total SCFA concentratione5
- Direction
- similare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e5“total SCFA concentration was similar in CF and CNF but was greater in FNF than FF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total SCFA concentration was greater in FNF than in FF.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- FNFe5
- Outcome
- total SCFA concentratione5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- FFe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e5“total SCFA concentration was similar in CF and CNF but was greater in FNF than FF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Valerate concentration was similar in FF and FNF.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- FF and FNFe6
- Outcome
- Valerate concentratione6
- Direction
- similare6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e6“Valerate concentration was similar in FF and FNF but greater in CF than CNF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Valerate concentration was greater in CF than in CNF.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CFe6
- Outcome
- Valerate concentratione6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Comparator
- CNFe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e6“Valerate concentration was similar in FF and FNF but greater in CF than CNF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide application on barley did not negatively affect silage quality or dairy cow performance.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- foliar fungicide applicatione7
- Outcome
- silage quality or dairy cow performancee7
- Direction
- did not negatively affecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Forage Yield”
e7“These results suggest that foliar fungicide application on barley, regardless of variety susceptibility to fungal diseases, did not negatively affect silage quality or dairy cow performance”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.