Abstract
White leaf spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) poses a significant threat to canola (rapeseed, Brassica napus) production globally, particularly in Australia. Histological studies were undertaken under controlled environment room conditions on triazine-tolerant (TT) cultivars Crusher TT with moderate resistance and Thunder TT with high susceptibility to white leaf spot, to determine how atrazine and the timing of its application affect (i), the disease severity as measured by the percentage of leaf yellowed area , (ii), the rate of conidial germination, (iii), the rate of conidial collapse, (iv), the germ tube length in germinating conidia, and (v), the morphological transformation from multi-celled hyphae or conidia into numerous single-celled blastospores (yeast phase). For each cultivar, two atrazine treatments were used which result in the highest and lowest levels of disease suppression under hyphal inoculation and infection as previously determined. Across 21 days, the percentage of leaf yellowed area of both cultivars was significantly reduced by atrazine application, the rate of conidial germination was reduced, both germ tube length of germinating conidia and subsequent morphological transformation into single-celled blastospores were also reduced, while the rate of collapse of conidia was increased. Notably, in the absence of atrazine, conidial infection resulted in greater percentage of leaf yellowed area as compared with hyphal infection and was strongly associated with more extensive morphological transformation of geminating conidia into single-celled blastospores. It was evident that the formation of single-celled blastospores through morphological transformation is a determining factor for the comparative pathogenicity differences between conidial versus hyphal inoculum, highlighting the significance of this morphological transformation in the pathogenesis of N. capsellae. These findings not only provide new understanding of atrazine-pathogen interactions under controlled conditions but have laid the foundation for future studies and opportunities to further explore potential dimorphism-targeted fungicidal strategies, and to utilize this system as a model for herbicide-pathogen interactions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine reduced percentage of leaf yellowed area in both canola cultivars across 21 days.
- Taxon
- Canola ( Brassica napus )
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- atrazine applicatione0
- Interactor
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellaeNeopseudocercosporella capsellaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of leaf yellowed areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- Across 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Across 21 days, the percentage of leaf yellowed area of both cultivars was significantly reduced by atrazine application, the rate of conidial germination was reduced, both germ tube length of germinating conidia and subsequent morphological transformation into single-celled blastospores were also reduced, while the rate of collapse of conidia was increased.”
t0“Canola ( Brassica napus )”
t1“Neopseudocercosporella capsellae”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine reduced rate of conidial germination in both canola cultivars across 21 days.
- Taxon
- Canola ( Brassica napus )Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- atrazine applicatione0
- Interactor
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellaeNeopseudocercosporella capsellaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- rate of conidial germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- Across 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across 21 days, the percentage of leaf yellowed area of both cultivars was significantly reduced by atrazine application, the rate of conidial germination was reduced, both germ tube length of germinating conidia and subsequent morphological transformation into single-celled blastospores were also reduced, while the rate of collapse of conidia was increased.”
t0“Canola ( Brassica napus )”
t1“Neopseudocercosporella capsellae”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine reduced germ tube length of germinating conidia in both canola cultivars across 21 days.
- Taxon
- Canola ( Brassica napus )Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- atrazine applicatione0
- Interactor
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellaeNeopseudocercosporella capsellaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- germ tube length of germinating conidiae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- Across 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across 21 days, the percentage of leaf yellowed area of both cultivars was significantly reduced by atrazine application, the rate of conidial germination was reduced, both germ tube length of germinating conidia and subsequent morphological transformation into single-celled blastospores were also reduced, while the rate of collapse of conidia was increased.”
t0“Canola ( Brassica napus )”
t1“Neopseudocercosporella capsellae”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine reduced morphological transformation into single-celled blastospores in both canola cultivars across 21 days.
- Taxon
- Canola ( Brassica napus )Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- atrazine applicatione0
- Interactor
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellaeNeopseudocercosporella capsellaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- morphological transformation into single-celled blastosporese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- Across 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across 21 days, the percentage of leaf yellowed area of both cultivars was significantly reduced by atrazine application, the rate of conidial germination was reduced, both germ tube length of germinating conidia and subsequent morphological transformation into single-celled blastospores were also reduced, while the rate of collapse of conidia was increased.”
t0“Canola ( Brassica napus )”
t1“Neopseudocercosporella capsellae”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine increased rate of collapse of conidia in both canola cultivars across 21 days.
- Taxon
- Canola ( Brassica napus )Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- atrazine applicatione0
- Interactor
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellaeNeopseudocercosporella capsellaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- rate of collapse of conidiae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Across 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across 21 days, the percentage of leaf yellowed area of both cultivars was significantly reduced by atrazine application, the rate of conidial germination was reduced, both germ tube length of germinating conidia and subsequent morphological transformation into single-celled blastospores were also reduced, while the rate of collapse of conidia was increased.”
t0“Canola ( Brassica napus )”
t1“Neopseudocercosporella capsellae”
Claim · model-written summary
Without atrazine, conidial infection caused more yellowed leaf area than hyphal infection.
- Taxon
- Canola ( Brassica napus )Brassica napust0
- Treatment
- conidial infectione0
- Interactor
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellaeNeopseudocercosporella capsellaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of leaf yellowed areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of atrazinee0
- Comparator
- hyphal infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the absence of atrazine, conidial infection resulted in greater percentage of leaf yellowed area as compared with hyphal infection”
t0“Canola ( Brassica napus )”
t1“Neopseudocercosporella capsellae”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater yellowed leaf area under conidial infection was associated with more extensive transformation into blastospores.
- Taxon
- Canola ( Brassica napus )Brassica napust0
- Interactor
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellaeNeopseudocercosporella capsellaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of leaf yellowed areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- more extensive morphological transformation of geminating conidia into single-celled blastosporese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the absence of atrazine, conidial infection resulted in greater percentage of leaf yellowed area as compared with hyphal infection and was strongly associated with more extensive morphological transformation of geminating conidia into single-celled blastospores”
t0“Canola ( Brassica napus )”
t1“Neopseudocercosporella capsellae”
Claim · model-written summary
Blastospores formed by morphological transformation were interpreted as determining the pathogenicity difference between conidial and hyphal inoculum.
- Taxon
- Canola ( Brassica napus )Brassica napust0
- Interactor
- Neopseudocercosporella capsellaeNeopseudocercosporella capsellaet1pathogen
- Outcome
- comparative pathogenicity differencese0
- Qualifier
- formation of single-celled blastospores through morphological transformatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the formation of single-celled blastospores through morphological transformation is a determining factor for the comparative pathogenicity differences between conidial versus hyphal inoculum”
t0“Canola ( Brassica napus )”
t1“Neopseudocercosporella capsellae”
The same questions in other papers
atrazine · Neopseudocercosporella capsellae · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.