Paper · 2026 · Frontiers in Plant Science

Decoding microbiome responses to quarantine potato wart disease: first insights into suppression and biocontrol by full-length 16S rRNA gene profiling and functional prediction

Ishraq Akbar; Yichao Shi; Bart T. L. H. van de Vossenberg; et al.

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Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Introduction Synchytrium endobioticum , the biotrophic pathogen causing potato wart, poses persistent challenges due to its long-term soil survival and quarantine status. Biological control agents (BCAs) offer a promising avenue for sustainable management, yet the ecological context of wart-associated microbiomes remains unexplored. Methods We present the first comprehensive microbiome characterization of the potato wart disease system using full-length 16S rRNA gene Nanopore sequencing across bioassay-grown warts, field-collected wart tissues, diseased tare soils, and long-term descheduled (wart-free) soils. Whole genome amplification (WGA) enabled profiling of low-biomass samples, albeit with compositional shifts towards dominant taxa. Results and discussion Microbiome compositional structure differed significantly across sieving fractions, host genotypes, and compartments (wart vs. tare soil). Wart microbiomes were enriched in Pseudomonas trivialis and Bacillus atrophaeus , taxa potentially involved in pathogen-specific suppression. Tare soils harbored transitional microbiomes shaped by host proximity, enriched with Bacillus species that may offer both generalist and targeted BCA activity. Descheduled soils under long-term nonhost crop rotations harbored broad-spectrum BCAs contributing to environmental sensing and nutrient requisition. Functional prediction suggested enrichment of xenobiotic degradation and chitin metabolism pathways in diseased soils, primarily associated with Bacillus, Pseudomonas , and Paenibacillus . Network analysis indicated fragile yet densely connected communities in diseased soils versus modular and stable structures in descheduled systems. Altogether, this study represents a first critical step toward developing biocontrol strategies for S. endobioticum by revealing a gradient of biocontrol reservoirs associated with disease pressure and management history. The use of functional prediction and correlation network tools provides essential starting points for hypothesis-driven research into disease suppression and biocontrol in a system with no prior microbiome data, and these findings warrant targeted isolation and in vitro / in planta validation for BCA development.

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Claims 7

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Microbiome compositional structure differed significantly across sieving fractions, host genotypes and compartments (wart versus tare soil).

Outcome
Microbiome compositional structuree0
Direction
differede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

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“potato wart disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–63 · show in text ↑
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“Microbiome compositional structure differed significantly across sieving fractions, host genotypes, and compartments (wart vs. tare soil)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 771–908 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wart microbiomes were enriched in Pseudomonas trivialis, a taxon potentially involved in pathogen-specific suppression.

Interactor
Pseudomonas trivialisPseudomonas trivialise0other
Outcome
Wart microbiomes were enrichede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“potato wart disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–63 · show in text ↑
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“Wart microbiomes were enriched in Pseudomonas trivialis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 910–965 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Wart microbiomes were enriched in Bacillus atrophaeus, a taxon potentially involved in pathogen-specific suppression.

Interactor
Bacillus atrophaeusBacillus atrophaeuse0other
Outcome
Wart microbiomes were enrichede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“potato wart disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–63 · show in text ↑
e0

“Wart microbiomes were enriched in Pseudomonas trivialis and Bacillus atrophaeus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 910–989 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tare soils harbored transitional microbiomes shaped by host proximity and enriched with Bacillus species.

Interactor
Bacillus speciese0other
Outcome
transitional microbiomese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“potato wart disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–63 · show in text ↑
e0

“Tare soils harbored transitional microbiomes shaped by host proximity, enriched with Bacillus species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1052–1153 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Descheduled soils under long-term nonhost crop rotations harbored broad-spectrum biocontrol agents.

Outcome
broad-spectrum BCAse0
Setting
Descheduled soilse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“potato wart disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–63 · show in text ↑
e0

“Descheduled soils under long-term nonhost crop rotations harbored broad-spectrum BCAs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1212–1297 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

Functional prediction suggested enrichment of xenobiotic degradation and chitin metabolism pathways in diseased soils.

Outcome
xenobiotic degradation and chitin metabolism pathwayse0
Direction
enrichmente0
Setting
diseased soilse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“potato wart disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–63 · show in text ↑
e0

“Functional prediction suggested enrichment of xenobiotic degradation and chitin metabolism pathways in diseased soils”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1362–1479 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Network analysis indicated fragile yet densely connected communities in diseased soils versus modular and stable structures in descheduled systems.

Outcome
fragile yet densely connected communitiese0
Comparator
descheduled systemse0
Setting
diseased soilse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum · TaxonScott Bauer, USDA ARS · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“potato wart disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–63 · show in text ↑
e0

“Network analysis indicated fragile yet densely connected communities in diseased soils versus modular and stable structures in descheduled systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1551–1697 · show in text ↑