Abstract
Sterculia lanceolata, a tree species of the Malvaceae family with notable ornamental and medicinal value, has long been constrained in genetic research and breeding applications due to the lack of genomic resources. In this study, we report for the first time a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of this species, aimed at elucidating its evolutionary history and the genetic basis of key traits. We constructed the genome using PacBio HiFi sequencing and further assembled it into 20 pseudochromosomes with the aid of Hi-C technology, yielding a final genome assembly size of 602.8 Mb with a contig N50 of 29.3 Mb and a BUSCO completeness of 98.7%. The assembly includes the identification of 20 pseudochromosomes and the annotation of 35,873 protein-coding genes, with an annotation rate of 96.4%. By integrating genomic data from other Malvaceae species, we analyzed the karyotype evolution of S. lanceolata and revealed the basal ploidy level of the family. Comparative genomic analyses uncovered significant syntenic relationships and whole-genome duplication (WGD) events among Malvaceae species, thereby clarifying the trajectory of karyotype evolution. Moreover, the study identified key regulatory gene families associated with fruit dehiscence (homologs of SHP1/2, FUL, IND, and ALC) that have undergone extensive expansion in S. lanceolata as a consequence of ancient polyploidy events. The reference genome provided in this study not only serves as a critical resource for evolutionary research in Malvaceae but also establishes a foundational framework for molecular breeding, genetic improvement, and conservation of S. lanceolata and related species.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The assembled genome spans 602.8 Mb.
- Taxon
- Sterculia lanceolata
Sterculia lanceolatat0 - Outcome
- genome assembly sizee0
- Value
- 602.8 Mbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yielding a final genome assembly size of 602.8 Mb with a contig N50 of 29.3 Mb and a BUSCO completeness of 98.7%.”
t0“Sterculia lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
The assembly contig N50 is 29.3 Mb.
- Taxon
- Sterculia lanceolataSterculia lanceolatat0
- Outcome
- contig N50e0
- Value
- 29.3 Mbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a contig N50 of 29.3 Mb”
t0“Sterculia lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
The assembly has 98.7% BUSCO completeness.
- Taxon
- Sterculia lanceolataSterculia lanceolatat0
- Outcome
- BUSCO completenesse0
- Value
- 98.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a BUSCO completeness of 98.7%”
t0“Sterculia lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
The assembly includes 20 pseudochromosomes.
- Taxon
- Sterculia lanceolataSterculia lanceolatat0
- Outcome
- pseudochromosomese0
- Value
- 20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The assembly includes the identification of 20 pseudochromosomes”
t0“Sterculia lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
The assembly annotates 35,873 protein-coding genes.
- Taxon
- Sterculia lanceolataSterculia lanceolatat0
- Outcome
- protein-coding genese0
- Value
- 35,873e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the annotation of 35,873 protein-coding genes, with an annotation rate of 96.4%.”
t0“Sterculia lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
The gene annotation rate is 96.4%.
- Taxon
- Sterculia lanceolataSterculia lanceolatat0
- Outcome
- annotation ratee0
- Value
- 96.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an annotation rate of 96.4%.”
t0“Sterculia lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative analysis found significant synteny and whole-genome duplication among Malvaceae.
- Outcome
- syntenic relationships and whole-genome duplication (WGD) eventse0
Verbatim
e0“Comparative genomic analyses uncovered significant syntenic relationships and whole-genome duplication (WGD) events among Malvaceae species”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit-dehiscence regulatory gene families expanded following ancient polyploidy.
- Taxon
- S. lanceolataSterculia lanceolatae0
- Gene
- homologs of SHP1/2, FUL, IND, and ALCe0
- Outcome
- extensive expansione0
- Direction
- expansione0
- Qualifier
- as a consequence of ancient polyploidy eventse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“key regulatory gene families associated with fruit dehiscence (homologs of SHP1/2, FUL, IND, and ALC) that have undergone extensive expansion in S. lanceolata as a consequence of ancient polyploidy events.”