Abstract
Most of the paddy (Oryza sativa L.) crop is typically transplanted manually by migrant workers in north-western Indian region. Despite several efforts to promote the existing mat-type nursery-fed paddy transplanter, farmers have not adopted this technology as well as NAREGA act of Government of India impedes the migrant workers movement to the region and creates labour crises during peak transplanting season. Therefore, there is a need of transplanter for wash root nursery. The study was carried out during rainy (kharif) season of 2020 and 2021 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab to develop and evaluate paddy transplanter for wash root nursery under field conditions. Age of nursery was selected as independent parameters whereas the hill to hill spacing missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were observed. The age of nursey has significant effect on missing index, multiple index, damage percentage, field capacity and cost of operation whereas, hill to hill spacing, planting efficiency, fuel consumption and yield has non-significant effect. Thirty-five days of nursery was found optimum for the developed paddy transplanter under field evaluation at fixed forward and mechanism speed. At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively. The developed transplanter could results in increasing the mechanisation index in transplanting/sowing operation which is lowest as compared to other field crops.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nursery age significantly affected missing index, multiple index and damage percentage.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The age of nursey has significant effect on missing index, multiple index, damage percentage, field capacity and cost of operation”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
Nursery age significantly affected field capacity and cost of operation.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The age of nursey has significant effect on missing index, multiple index, damage percentage, field capacity and cost of operation”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
Nursery age had no statistically significant effect on hill spacing, planting efficiency or fuel consumption.
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Verbatim
e0“whereas, hill to hill spacing, planting efficiency, fuel consumption and yield has non-significant effect.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
Nursery age had no statistically significant effect on yield.
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Verbatim
e0“whereas, hill to hill spacing, planting efficiency, fuel consumption and yield has non-significant effect.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-five-day nursery age was judged optimum for the developed transplanter.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty-five days of nursery was found optimum for the developed paddy transplanter under field evaluation at fixed forward and mechanism speed.”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, mean hill spacing was 142.5 mm.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, mean missing index was 31.18%.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, mean multiple index was 4.40%.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, field capacity was 0.29 ha/h.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, damage percentage was 4.44%.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, planting efficiency was 60.75%.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, yield was 4.75 t/ha.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, fuel consumption was 4.13 L/h.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum nursery age, operation cost was 10,136.25 ₹/ha.
Verbatim
e0“At this combination, the mean hill to hill spacing, missing index, multiple index, field capacity, damage percentage, planting efficiency, yield, fuel consumption and cost of operation were 142.5 mm, 31.18%, 4.40%, 0.29 ha/h, 4.44%, 60.75%, 4.75 t/ha, 4.13 L/h and 10,136.25 ₹/ha, respectively.”
t0“paddy”
Claim · model-written summary
The developed transplanter could increase mechanisation of transplanting or sowing.
Verbatim
e0“The developed transplanter could results in increasing the mechanisation index in transplanting/sowing operation which is lowest as compared to other field crops.”
t0“paddy”