Abstract
Purpose: This study compares tree metric estimates derived from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and mobile laser scanning (MLS) for urban street-tree inventory, focusing on inter-sensor consistency under an identical processing workflow. Method: Point clouds collected along the same street segment near Bomun Station, Seoul, were acquired using Leica RTC360 (TLS) and Leica Pegasus Two: Ultimate (P2U, MLS). After exporting both datasets to LAS, we applied the same LiDAR360 workflow (ground normalization, individual tree segmentation, and attribute extraction) and matched 41 trees (N=41). We compared TreeHeight, DBH, CrownDiameter, CrownArea, and CrownVolume using mean difference (Δ=P2U−RTC360), MAE/RMSE, and paired nonparametric tests. Result: P2U tended to underestimate TreeHeight and crown-related metrics compared with RTC360 (Δ TreeHeight=−1.02m; ΔCrownVolume=−103.38m³ ), while DBH showed no significant difference (Wilcoxon p=0.6078). CrownVolume exhibited the largest discrepancy and variability (MAE=124.29m³ ; RMSE=183.40m³ ). Sensitivity analysis excluding outlier candidates confirmed that the overall pattern remained unchanged. Conclusion: Under the same commercial workflow, TLS and MLS results are not directly interchangeable for crown metrics without additional QC or calibration, whereas DBH appears relatively stable in this case study.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
P2U MLS tended to underestimate tree height relative to RTC360 TLS, by about 1.02 m.
Verbatim
t0“Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development”
e0“P2U tended to underestimate TreeHeight and crown-related metrics compared with RTC360 (Δ TreeHeight=−1.02m; ΔCrownVolume=−103.38m³ )”
Claim · model-written summary
P2U tended to underestimate crown volume relative to RTC360 TLS, by about 103.38 m³.
Verbatim
t0“Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development”
e0“P2U tended to underestimate TreeHeight and crown-related metrics compared with RTC360 (Δ TreeHeight=−1.02m; ΔCrownVolume=−103.38m³ )”
Claim · model-written summary
DBH showed no significant difference between P2U MLS and RTC360 TLS.
Verbatim
t0“Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development”
e0“P2U tended to underestimate TreeHeight and crown-related metrics compared with RTC360 (Δ TreeHeight=−1.02m; ΔCrownVolume=−103.38m³ )”
e1“while DBH showed no significant difference (Wilcoxon p=0.6078)”
Claim · model-written summary
CrownVolume showed the largest discrepancy and variability between P2U MLS and RTC360 TLS.
Verbatim
t0“Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development”
e0“P2U tended to underestimate TreeHeight and crown-related metrics compared with RTC360 (Δ TreeHeight=−1.02m; ΔCrownVolume=−103.38m³ )”
e2“CrownVolume exhibited the largest discrepancy and variability (MAE=124.29m³ ; RMSE=183.40m³ )”
Claim · model-written summary
TLS and MLS results are not directly interchangeable for crown metrics without additional QC or calibration.
Verbatim
t0“Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development”
e3“TLS and MLS results are not directly interchangeable for crown metrics without additional QC or calibration, whereas DBH appears relatively stable in this case study”
Claim · model-written summary
DBH appears relatively stable across the TLS and MLS comparison.
Verbatim
t0“Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development”
e3“TLS and MLS results are not directly interchangeable for crown metrics without additional QC or calibration, whereas DBH appears relatively stable in this case study”
Claim · model-written summary
The overall TLS-MLS difference pattern remained unchanged after excluding outlier candidates.
Verbatim
t0“Inter-Sensor Error Analysis between TLS and MLS for Urban Street Trees toward Digital Twin Development”
e4“Sensitivity analysis excluding outlier candidates confirmed that the overall pattern remained unchanged”