Abstract
Cotton Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating soil-borne disease that severely limits global cotton production. While Myxococcus fulvus KS01 has demonstrated potent antagonistic activity and multi-functional biocontrol effects against V. dahliae, its practical application has been hindered by low myxospore yields and inconsistent efficacy in initial solid-state fermentation (SSF). This study aimed to optimize the SSF process for strain KS01 to maximize myxospore production and systematically evaluate its biocontrol efficacy against Verticillium wilt. Using a mixture of wheat straw and Protaetia brevitarsis frass (an agricultural byproduct) as the base substrate, we utilized single factor experiments and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize nutritional supplements and fermentation parameters. The optimized SSF process was determined as follows: a 3:1 (w/w) frass-to-straw ratio, supplemented with 3.08% potato starch and 1.05% yeast powder, with a 15.03% inoculum size, 65.05% moisture content, and an initial pH of 7.0, fermented at 30 °C for 6 days. Under these conditions, the myxospore concentration reached 6.61 × 107 CFU/g, representing a 131.2-fold increase compared to unoptimized conditions (5.0 × 105 CFU/g). Greenhouse pot trials showed that the optimized KS01 solid agent achieved a control efficacy of 71.9%. In field trials conducted in heavily infested soil, the agent maintained control efficacies of 71.2% at the budding stage and 54.5% at the bolling stage, significantly outperforming the commercial fungicide Benziothiazolinone (51.4% and 41.4%, respectively) and the sterile substrate control. Furthermore, application of the KS01 agent significantly promoted cotton growth, with seed cotton yield reaching 5380.0 kg/ha, equating to a 50.4% reduction in yield loss compared to the untreated control. Our results demonstrate that the valorization of P. brevitarsis frass through optimized SSF significantly enhances the production and field performance of M. fulvus KS01. This study provides a novel technical framework and a robust microbial resource for the sustainable management of Verticillium wilt in saline alkali cotton production systems.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized fermentation yielded 6.61 × 107 CFU/g myxospores, 131.2 times unoptimized conditions.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Under these conditionse0
- Interactor
- Myxococcus fulvus KS01Myxococcus fulvust0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- myxospore concentratione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 6.61 × 107 CFU/ge0
- Qualifier
- 131.2-folde0
- Comparator
- unoptimized conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under these conditions, the myxospore concentration reached 6.61 × 107 CFU/g, representing a 131.2-fold increase compared to unoptimized conditions (5.0 × 105 CFU/g).”
t0“Cotton Verticillium Wilt Through Optimized Solid-State Fermentation of Myxococcus fulvus KS01”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimized KS01 controlled cotton wilt by 71.9% in greenhouse pots.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- optimized KS01 solid agente0
- Interactor
- KS01e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control efficacye0
- Value
- 71.9%e0
- Setting
- Greenhouse pot trialse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse pot trials showed that the optimized KS01 solid agent achieved a control efficacy of 71.9%.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Field control efficacy was 71.2% at budding, above the fungicide and sterile substrate.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- budding stagee0
- Treatment
- the agente0
- Interactor
- KS01t0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control efficaciese0
- Direction
- outperforminge0
- Value
- 71.2%e0
- Comparator
- commercial fungicide Benziothiazolinonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the agent maintained control efficacies of 71.2% at the budding stage and 54.5% at the bolling stage, significantly outperforming the commercial fungicide Benziothiazolinone (51.4% and 41.4%, respectively) and the sterile substrate control.”
t0“Cotton Verticillium Wilt Through Optimized Solid-State Fermentation of Myxococcus fulvus KS01”
Claim · model-written summary
Field control efficacy was 54.5% at bolling, above the fungicide and sterile substrate.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- bolling stagee0
- Treatment
- the agente0
- Interactor
- KS01t0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control efficaciese0
- Direction
- outperforminge0
- Value
- 54.5%e0
- Comparator
- commercial fungicide Benziothiazolinonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the agent maintained control efficacies of 71.2% at the budding stage and 54.5% at the bolling stage, significantly outperforming the commercial fungicide Benziothiazolinone (51.4% and 41.4%, respectively) and the sterile substrate control.”
t0“Cotton Verticillium Wilt Through Optimized Solid-State Fermentation of Myxococcus fulvus KS01”
Claim · model-written summary
KS01 significantly promoted cotton growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- application of the KS01 agente0
- Interactor
- KS01e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- cotton growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of the KS01 agent significantly promoted cotton growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cotton yield reached 5380.0 kg/ha, corresponding to 50.4% less yield loss than untreated cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- KS01 agente1
- Interactor
- Myxococcus fulvus KS01Myxococcus fulvust0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 5380.0 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 50.4% reduction in yield losse0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed cotton yield reaching 5380.0 kg/ha, equating to a 50.4% reduction in yield loss compared to the untreated control.”
t0“Cotton Verticillium Wilt Through Optimized Solid-State Fermentation of Myxococcus fulvus KS01”
e1“application of the KS01 agent significantly promoted cotton growth”