Abstract
Sensitivity analysis is a key approach to identify the influential parameters in crop models and improve calibration efficiency. This study employed the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (EFAST) to evaluate the sensitivity of 10 crop parameters (cultivar and ecotype) and 22 soil parameters in the DSSAT-CERES-Maize model under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer regimes. The outputs included the state variables: anthesis date (ADAP), maturity date (MDAP), yield, grain protein content (GPC), maximum leaf area index (LAIX), and maximum aboveground biomass (CWADX), and the time-series variables: LAI, above ground biomass (CWAD), and nitrogen accumulation (CNAD). Results showed that the cultivar parameters, P1, P2, PHINT and P5, consistently dominated the simulation of anthesis and maturity stages, and their sensitivities remained stable across different water and nitrogen treatments. For LAIX and CWADX, the P1, PHINT and SRGF are the most influential parameters under different irrigation regimes. Under different nitrogen fertilizer regimes, the RUE is the most sensitive ecotype parameter, and the SDUL and SLLL show heigh sensitivity. Time-series variables display distinct stage-specific sensitivity patterns. Under different irrigation regimes, the PHINT is the most sensitive parameter for LAI, CWAD, and CNAD before jointing. The influence of P1 on CNAD approachs to peak after jointing, and the SRGF is highly sensitive for CNAD before tasseling. In comparison with water treatments, the sensitive period of PHINT to time-series variables is significantly shorter under nitrogen treatments, whereas RUE remains sensitive to LAI and CWAD throughout the growing season. For CNAD, the TSI of cultivar, ecotype and soil parameters are the highest at the seedling stage under both water and nitrogen stresses. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing model parameterization and simulating crop responses, especially for precision-agriculture applications under different water and nitrogen regimes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar parameters P1, P2, PHINT and P5 consistently dominated the simulated anthesis and maturity stages, with stable sensitivity across water and nitrogen treatments.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e1“Results showed that the cultivar parameters, P1, P2, PHINT and P5, consistently dominated the simulation of anthesis and maturity stages, and their sensitivities remained stable across different water and nitrogen treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar parameters dominated the simulation of anthesis and maturity stages in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e1“Results showed that the cultivar parameters, P1, P2, PHINT and P5, consistently dominated the simulation of anthesis and maturity stages, and their sensitivities remained stable across different water and nitrogen treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under different irrigation regimes, P1, PHINT and SRGF are the most influential parameters for LAIX and CWADX.
- Outcome
- LAIX and CWADXe3
- Direction
- most influentiale3
- Qualifier
- P1, PHINT and SRGFe3
- Comparator
- different irrigation regimese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e3“For LAIX and CWADX, the P1, PHINT and SRGF are the most influential parameters under different irrigation regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Under different nitrogen fertilizer regimes, RUE is the most sensitive ecotype parameter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e4“Under different nitrogen fertilizer regimes, the RUE is the most sensitive ecotype parameter, and the SDUL and SLLL show heigh sensitivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under different nitrogen fertilizer regimes, SDUL and SLLL show high sensitivity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e4“Under different nitrogen fertilizer regimes, the RUE is the most sensitive ecotype parameter, and the SDUL and SLLL show heigh sensitivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under different irrigation regimes, PHINT is the most sensitive parameter for LAI, CWAD and CNAD before jointing.
- Outcome
- LAI, CWAD, and CNADe6
- Direction
- most sensitivee6
- Qualifier
- before jointinge6
- Comparator
- different irrigation regimese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e6“Under different irrigation regimes, the PHINT is the most sensitive parameter for LAI, CWAD, and CNAD before jointing”
Claim · model-written summary
The influence of P1 on CNAD approaches its peak after jointing.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e7“The influence of P1 on CNAD approachs to peak after jointing”
Claim · model-written summary
SRGF is highly sensitive for CNAD before tasseling.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e7“the SRGF is highly sensitive for CNAD before tasseling”
Claim · model-written summary
In comparison with water treatments, the sensitive period of PHINT is significantly shorter under nitrogen treatments.
- Outcome
- sensitive period of PHINT to time-series variablese1
- Direction
- shortere1
- Comparator
- water treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e1“In comparison with water treatments, the sensitive period of PHINT to time-series variables is significantly shorter under nitrogen treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
RUE remains sensitive to LAI and CWAD throughout the growing season.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e1“whereas RUE remains sensitive to LAI and CWAD throughout the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
For CNAD, the TSI of cultivar, ecotype and soil parameters is highest at the seedling stage under water and nitrogen stresses.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CERES-Maize model”
e1“For CNAD, the TSI of cultivar, ecotype and soil parameters are the highest at the seedling stage under both water and nitrogen stresses”