Abstract
Agroforestry is an integrated approach of combining agriculture and forestry technologies, preserving the natural environment, producing food in a sustainable way and providing the local residents with stable food supply. It has gathered attention in the tropics recent years. This study focuses on status quo of traditional agroforestry in Baduy community, which is still little known. It further discusses the land use, vegetation composition, distribution of plants, and forest uses. There are two types of agroforestry in Baduy communty: Kebon and Huma-Jami-Reuma. In a Kebon, without slash and burn, there is an upstorey of fruit trees and woods, and a low storey of useful herbaceous plants for food, medicine and ritual. Useful plants could be continuously harvested. A Huma-Jami-Reuma is a kind of shifting cultivation after slash and burn. Huma, Jami, and Reuma refer to the different stages of shifting cultivation. During the first year of Huma, swidden rice (Oryza sativa L.) is majorly planted. One to three years after rice harvest, vegetables are usually planted when the trees are naturally regenerated. This stage is called Jami (vegetable stage). During the following 3 to 4 years, it is the stage of secondary forest, called Reuma. The fruits and wild plants are produced without maintenance during' Reuma. Thus, the land might be reused as shifting cultivation after 8 years. In Jami, there are numerous useful plants in the understorey. Thus, soil has been preserved with understorey vegetation and the dried straws of harvested rice. Vegetation in Reuma consists of Paraserianthes falcataria and fruit trees in the upstorey, banana plants, Noni in the middle storey and vegetables and wild useful plants in the understorey. Vegetation has been regenerated from the under storey to the up storey; a multilayered structure has been maintained under such a system. Traditional agroforestry in Baduy community consists of various types of land use and the cycling uses of ecosystem of the soil have been accomplished, which result in the soil preservation and the productive agricultural and forestry production.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Baduy agroforestry has Kebon and Huma-Jami-Reuma types.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- two types of agroforestry in Baduy communtye0
- Setting
- Baduy communtye0
Verbatim
e0“There are two types of agroforestry in Baduy communty: Kebon and Huma-Jami-Reuma”
e1“distribution of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Kebon has an upper layer of fruit trees and woods and a lower layer of useful herbaceous plants.
Verbatim
e0“In a Kebon, without slash and burn, there is an upstorey of fruit trees and woods, and a low storey of useful herbaceous plants for food, medicine and ritual”
Claim · model-written summary
Useful plants in Kebon can be continuously harvested.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- continuously harvestede0
- Setting
- Kebone1
Verbatim
e0“Useful plants could be continuously harvested”
e1“In a Kebon”
Claim · model-written summary
Huma-Jami-Reuma is shifting cultivation after slash and burn.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- shifting cultivation after slash and burne0
- Setting
- Huma-Jami-Reumae0
Verbatim
e0“A Huma-Jami-Reuma is a kind of shifting cultivation after slash and burn”
e1“distribution of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Swidden rice is the main crop in the first Huma year.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- majorly plantede0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
- Setting
- Humae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the first year of Huma, swidden rice (Oryza sativa L.) is majorly planted”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetables are usually planted one to three years after rice harvest as trees regenerate.
Verbatim
e0“One to three years after rice harvest, vegetables are usually planted when the trees are naturally regenerated”
Claim · model-written summary
The Reuma secondary-forest stage lasts three to four years.
Verbatim
e0“During the following 3 to 4 years, it is the stage of secondary forest, called Reuma”
e1“an upstorey of fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit and wild plants are produced without maintenance during Reuma.
Verbatim
e0“The fruits and wild plants are produced without maintenance during' Reuma”
e1“an upstorey of fruit trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The land may return to shifting cultivation after eight years.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- reused as shifting cultivatione0
- Value
- 8 yearse0
Verbatim
e0“the land might be reused as shifting cultivation after 8 years”
e1“distribution of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Jami has numerous useful plants in the understory.
Verbatim
e0“In Jami, there are numerous useful plants in the understorey”
Claim · model-written summary
Understory vegetation and rice straw were associated with soil preservation.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- soil has been preservede0
- Qualifier
- understorey vegetation and the dried straws of harvested ricee0
Verbatim
e0“soil has been preserved with understorey vegetation and the dried straws of harvested rice”
e1“In Jami, there are numerous useful plants in the understorey”
Claim · model-written summary
Reuma upper vegetation includes Paraserianthes falcataria and fruit trees.
- Taxon
- Paraserianthes falcataria
Falcataria moluccanae0 - Outcome
- in the upstoreye0
- Setting
- Reumae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vegetation in Reuma consists of Paraserianthes falcataria and fruit trees in the upstorey”
Claim · model-written summary
Reuma middle vegetation includes banana plants and Noni.
Verbatim
e0“banana plants, Noni in the middle storey”
Claim · model-written summary
Reuma understory includes vegetables and wild useful plants.
Verbatim
e0“vegetables and wild useful plants in the understorey”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetation regenerated upward while the system maintained a multilayer structure.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- Vegetation has been regenerated from the under storey to the up storeye0
Verbatim
e0“Vegetation has been regenerated from the under storey to the up storey; a multilayered structure has been maintained under such a system”
e1“distribution of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed soil preservation and agricultural and forestry production to cycling uses of the ecosystem.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- soil preservation and the productive agricultural and forestry productione0
- Qualifier
- cycling uses of ecosystem of the soile0
Verbatim
e0“the cycling uses of ecosystem of the soil have been accomplished, which result in the soil preservation and the productive agricultural and forestry production”
e1“distribution of plants”